Elated numbers

Let \(x\) be a positive integer and\N\[\Nx = x_0 + x_1 b + x_2 b^2 + \dots + x_n b^n,\N\]\Nwhere \(x_i\) are the digits of \(x\) in \(b\)-base number system. Define \N\[ \NE_{2,b}(x) = x_n \cdot (x_0^2 + x_1^2 + \dots + x_n^2). \tag{1}\N\] \NIf \(E_{2,b}\) is applied to \(x\) repeatedly\N\[\NE_{2,b}(E_{2,b}(\dots E_{2,b}(x)\dots))\N\]\Nand as a result \(1\) is achieved at some step, then we say \(x\) is a ``\(b\)-elated number. This reminds the definition of ``happy numbers for which the factor \(x_n\) in (1) is not present. If \(b=10\), then we call them just ``elated.\N\NThe paper studies cycles, fixed points of \(E_{2,b}\), the existence of long arithmetic sequences of elated numbers, the height of elated numbers, which is the number of iterations of \(E_{2,b}\) needed to reach \(1\). The paper ends with examples of numbers of height \(12\)--\(16\), and some open problems about elated numbers.

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