Emergent spacetime in stochastically evolving dimensions

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2014.10.048MaRDI QIDQ2257234zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Niayesh Afshordi, Dejan Stojkovic

Publication date 24 February 2015

Published in Physics Letters B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.3297

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) String and superstring theories in gravitational theory (83E30) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)

Abstract: Changing the dimensionality of the space-time at the smallest and largest distances has manifold theoretical advantages. If the space is lower dimensional in the high energy regime, then there are no ultraviolet divergencies in field theories, it is possible to quantize gravity, and the theory of matter plus gravity is free of divergencies or renormalizable. If the space is higher dimensional at cosmological scales, then some cosmological problems (including the cosmological constant problem) can be attacked from a completely new perspective. In this paper, we construct an explicit model of "evolving dimensions" in which the dimensions open up as the temperature of the universe drops. We adopt the string theory framework in which the dimensions are fields that live on the string worldsheet, and add temperature dependent mass terms for them. At the Big Bang, all the dimensions are very heavy and are not excited. As the universe cools down, dimensions open up one by one. Thus, the dimensionality of the space we live in depends on the energy or temperature that we are probing. In particular, we provide a kinematic Brandenberger-Vafa argument for how a discrete {it causal set}, and eventually a continuum $(3+1)$-dim spacetime along with Einstein gravity emerge in the Infrared from the worldsheet action. The $(3+1)$-dim Planck mass and the string scale become directly related, {it without any} compactification. Amongst other predictions, we argue that LHC might be blind to new physics even if it comes at the TeV scale. In contrast, cosmic ray experiments, especially those that can register the very beginning of the shower, and collisions with high multiplicity and density of particles, might be sensitive to the dimensional cross-over.

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Cites work

• 4D gravity on a brane in 5D Minkowski space
• Cascading gravity: extending the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model to higher dimension
• Classical and quantum gravity in dimensions: III. Solutions of arbitrary topology
• Exactly solvable models of two-dimensional dilaton cosmology with quantum backreaction
• Quantum dilaton gravity in two dimensions with fermionic matter

Cited in

(7)

• Emergent space-time and the supersymmetric index
• Dark energy from topology
• Emergent geometry from stochastic dynamics, or Hawking evaporation in M(atrix) theory
• Dimensional flow and fuzziness in quantum gravity: emergence of stochastic spacetime
• Dimension and dimensional reduction in quantum gravity
• A principle to determine the number (3+1) of large spacetime dimensions
• Horizon of quantum black holes in various dimensions

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