Endpoints of smooth plane dendroids

The paper mostly leans on the Bellamy dendroid, which was constructed in [\textit{D. P. Bellamy}, Fundam. Math. 110, 191--208 (1980; Zbl 0465.54021)]. It is a smooth planar dendroid with a connected set of endpoints. The main tool for the results explored in this work is the observation of smooth endpoints of planar dendroids.\N\NChapters 2, 3, and 4 present all auxiliary results needed for the main results of the paper. Among other things, it is shown that each endpoint of a smooth planar dendroid \(D\) is arcwise accessible from the complement of \(D\) in the plane, with at most one exception. From this, the author deduces that if \(D\) is a planar dendroid that is smooth at \(p\), then within the space of all endpoints of \(D\) except \(p\), any two points are separated by two other points.\N\NThe main results of the paper are presented in the last chapter. As a corollary of Theorems 17 and 19, if \(D\) is a smooth dendroid in the plane and the set of endpoints of \(D\) is one-dimensional, then \(D\) contains either a Bellamy dendroid or a Cantor fence (i.e., a topological copy of \(C \times [0,1]\), where \(C\) is a Cantor set). Consequently, every smooth planar dendroid with a totally disconnected and one-dimensional endpoint set must be non-Suslinian.\N\NAfter the main results, the author constructs a Suslinian dendroid \(D\) as a quotient of the Lelek fan such that the set of endpoints of \(D\) is homeomorphic to the set of endpoints of a Lelek fan. This example shows that planarity is a necessary condition for the main theorems of the paper.\N\NIn the paper we find the following open problem: Does there exist a Suslinian Bellamy dendroid?\N\NThe results are well written and the proofs are user-friendly.

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