Enhanced delay to bifurcation

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Abstract: This article provides an example of fast-slow system such that most orbits remain as close as possible to the unstable manifold of the fast dynamics for an arbitrarily long time.


The authors present the singularity perturbed planar system \[ \varepsilon\dot x=(1- x^2)(x- y),\quad\dot y= x,\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(\varepsilon\) is a small positive parameter. \((*)\) has the unique equilibrium \(x= y= 0\), and the invariant lines \(x=\pm 1\). At the same time, these lines are also manifolds of \((*)\), where the parts \(x=-1\), \(y<-1\) and \(x=1\), \(y> 1\) are repulsive. A trajectory of \((*)\) starting in the region \(|x|< 1\), spirals around the origin, moreover, it is a canard trajectory with the ``unusual property that to any given small \(\delta\) and any large \(T\) it stays for a time larger than \(T\) within a distance less than \(\delta\) to the repulsive part of \(x=-1\) and \(x=\pm 1\). This example contributes to the understanding of the nature of canard trajectories.











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