Ensembles and Experiments in Classical and Quantum Physics

DOI10.1142/S0217979203018338MaRDI QIDQ5312160zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Arnold Neumaier

Publication date 30 August 2005

Published in International Journal of Modern Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0303047

zbMATH Keywords

hidden variablesYoung measureweak law of large numbersuncertainty relationstate of the universespinsharpnessSchrödinger picturereference valuequantum probabilityquantum logicquantum correlationsquantitiespreparation of statesnonlocalityideal measurementAxiomatization of physicsHeisenberg picturefoundations of quantum mechanicsfoundations of probabilityflow of truthexpectationeventensembleelements of physical realityeffectdeterministiccorrespondence principleconsistent experimentcomplementarityBohmian mechanicsBell inequality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General and philosophical questions in quantum theory (81P05) Quantum equilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82B10)

Abstract: A philosophically consistent axiomatic approach to classical and quantum mechanics is given. The approach realizes a strong formal implementation of Bohr's correspondence principle. In all instances, classical and quantum concepts are fully parallel: the same general theory has a classical realization and a quantum realization. Extending the `probability via expectation' approach of Whittle to noncommuting quantities, this paper defines quantities, ensembles, and experiments as mathematical concepts and shows how to model complementarity, uncertainty, probability, nonlocality and dynamics in these terms. The approach carries no connotation of unlimited repeatability; hence it can be applied to unique systems such as the universe. Consistent experiments provide an elegant solution to the reality problem, confirming the insistence of the orthodox Copenhagen interpretation on that there is nothing but ensembles, while avoiding its elusive reality picture. The weak law of large numbers explains the emergence of classical properties for macroscopic systems.

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• A real ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics

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