Equations over groups.

DOI10.1515/GCC-2012-0015MaRDI QIDQ2874364zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Vitaliĭ Roman'kov

Publication date 30 January 2014

Published in Groups, Complexity, Cryptology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1515/gcc-2012-0015

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic densitiesequations over groupsfinite approximabilityfree groupsfree productsnilpotent groupssolutions of equationssolvable groupsverbal widthsword maps

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to group theory (20-02) Free nonabelian groups (20E05) Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Word problems, other decision problems, connections with logic and automata (group-theoretic aspects) (20F10) Algebraic geometry over groups; equations over groups (20F70)

Review text

Let \(G_X=F(X)*G\) be the free product of the free group \(F(X)\) over the alphabet \(X\) and the group \(G\). Let \(u(x_1,\ldots,x_k)=g_0x_{i_1}^{\varepsilon_1}g_1\cdots g_{n-1}x_{i_n}^{\varepsilon_n}\in G_X\), where each \(g_j\) is a group element of \(G\), each exponent \(\varepsilon_j\) is \(1\) or \(-1\) and each \(x_{i_j}\) is taken from the alphabet \(X=\{x_1,\ldots,x_k,\ldots\}\). An equation in \(k\) variables over the group \(G\) is an expression of the form \(u(x_1,\ldots,x_k)=1\). The \(g_j\) are the coefficients (or constants) of the equation and \(n\) is the length of the equation. A solution of \(u(x_1,\ldots,x_k)=1\) in the group \(G\) is an assignment \(x_j\to h_j\in G\) such that \(g_0h_{i_1}^{\varepsilon_1}g_1\cdots g_{n-1}h_{i_n}^{\varepsilon_n}=1\).NEWLINENEWLINE It may be that the equation \(u(x_1,\ldots,x_k)=1\) has no solution in the group \(G\), but it may have a solution in an overgroup \(H\) of \(G\), then it is said that this equation is solvable over the group \(G\). This is equivalent to that the canonical map from \(G\) to the group \(H=G_X/U\) is an embedding, where \(U\) is the normal closure of \(u(x_1,\ldots,x_k)\) in \(G_X\).NEWLINENEWLINE The process of solving equations is central not only in group theory, but in other branches of mathematics. In general there are two questions to answer. The first is about the existence of a solution in a group (or in an overgroup), the second one is about finding a solution if one is known to exist.NEWLINENEWLINE There is a long story in the research about the answer to the above (and related) questions according to the variety where the group \(G\) belongs to.NEWLINENEWLINE In this survey paper the author makes a comprehensive exposition of all the progress from the beginning until recently. His makes comments and remarks, with a detailed list of references, guiding the interested reader in this area of group theory and facing him with open problems.

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Cited in

(67)

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• Equations over groups, and groups with one defining relation
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• Orientable quadratic equations in free metabelian groups
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• On group automorphisms in universal algebraic geometry
• Two general schemes of algebraic cryptography
• Existentially closed subgroups of free nilpotent groups.
• Commutator width of elements in a free metabelian Lie algebra
• Equations over completely simple semigroups.
• Algebraic geometry over completely simple semigroups
• Algebraically and verbally closed subgroups and retracts of finitely generated nilpotent groups
• Solvability of independent systems of equations in finitely generated nilpotent groups
• A singular equation of length four over groups
• TOPOLOGICAL SOLVABILITY OF EQUATIONS OVER GROUPS
• Spherical quadratic equations in free metabelian groups.
• Diophantine questions in the class of finitely generated nilpotent groups
• Equations in nilpotent groups.
• Equations in polyadic groups
• On the Solvability of Equations Over Groups
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• The equation w(x, y) = u over free groups: an algebraic approach
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• New topological methods to solve equations over groups
• RANDOM EQUATIONS OVER FREE SEMILATTICES
• ON SOLVABILITY OF REGULAR EQUATIONS IN THE VARIETY OF METABELIAN GROUPS
• Free products of groups are strongly verbally closed
• Geometry of word equations in simple algebraic groups over special fields
• New problems in universal algebraic geometry illustrated by Boolean equations
• The two variable substitution problem for free products of groups
• Identities for finite solvable groups and equations in finite simple groups
• Quadratic equations in metabelian Baumslag–Solitar groups
• Equations over solvable groups
• Finite and nilpotent strongly verbally closed groups
• Investigations on equations in a free group
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7734125 (Why is no real title available?)
• Yet another Freiheitssatz: Mating finite groups with locally indicable ones
• Solvability of equations in classes of solvable groups and Lie algebras
• Conciseness of first-order formulae
• Infinite systems of equations in abelian and nilpotent groups
• The Kervaire conjecture and the minimal complexity of surfaces
• Virtually free finite-normal-subgroup-free groups are strongly verbally closed
• Finite symmetric groups are strongly verbally closed
• Algorithmic undecidability of compatibility problem for equations in free groups: explicit equations with one commutator-type constraint
• How to generalize known results on equations over groups.

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