Estimates for continuity envelopes and approximation numbers of Bessel potentials

DOI10.1016/J.JAT.2013.04.005MaRDI QIDQ390527zbMATH OpenOpenAlexDBLPWikidataFDO

Authors Mikhail L. Goldman, Dorothee D. Haroske

Publication date 8 January 2014

Published in Journal of Approximation Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jat.2013.04.005

approximation number compact embedding continuity envelope convolution rearrangement invariant space space of potentials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continuity and related questions (modulus of continuity, semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.) for real functions in one variable (26A15) Potentials and capacities, extremal length and related notions in higher dimensions (31B15) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35) Riesz operators; eigenvalue distributions; approximation numbers, (s)-numbers, Kolmogorov numbers, entropy numbers, etc. of operators (47B06)

Review text

For \(\alpha\in(0,\infty)\), let \(G_\alpha\) be the Bessel-MacDonald kernel. For a measurable function \(f\) on \(\mathbb R^n\), denote by \(f^\ast\) the decreasing rearrangement of \(f\) and let \(u(x)=G_\alpha\ast f(x)\) for all \(x\in\mathbb R^n\). Let \(C(\mathbb R^n)\) be the space of all complex-valued bounded uniformly continuous functions \(f\) on \(\mathbb R^n\), equipped with the sup-norm \(\|f\|_{C(\mathbb R^n)}:=\sup_{x\in \mathbb R^n}|f(x)|\). The \(k\)-th modulus of smoothness of a function \(f\in C(\mathbb R^n)\) is defined by setting, for all \(t\in(0,\infty)\) and \(k\in\mathbb N:=\{1,2,\dots\}\), \(\omega_k(f;t):=\sup_{|h|\leq t}\|\Delta_h^kf(x)\|_{C(\mathbb R^n)}\), where \(\Delta_h^1f(x):=f(x+h)-f(x)\) and \(\Delta_h^{k}f(x):=\Delta_h^1(\Delta_h^{k-1}f)(x)\) for all \(k\geq2\).NEWLINENEWLINEIn this paper, the authors prove the following conclusion. Let \(k\in\mathbb N\), \(\alpha\in(0,n)\) and \(f:\;\mathbb R^n\to\mathbb R\) be a function such that, for fixed \(T\in(0,\infty)\), \(\int_0^T\tau^{\frac\alpha n-1}f^\ast(\tau)\,d\tau<\infty\). Then there exist positive constants \(c\) and \( \widetilde c\) such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\|u\|_{C(\mathbb R^n)}\leq c\int_0^T\tau^{\frac\alpha n-1}f^\ast(\tau)\,d\tauNEWLINE\]NEWLINE and, for all \(t\in(0,T)\), NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\omega_k(u;t^\frac1n)\leq \widetilde{c}\int_0^T\frac{\tau^{\frac{\alpha-k}{n}-1}} {\tau^{-\frac kn}+t^{-\frac kn}}f^\ast(\tau)\,d\tau.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Conversely, the authors find some \(T_0\in(0,\infty)\) and construct an extremal function \(f_0\) corresponding to \(T_0\) such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\omega_k(u_0;t^\frac1n)\geq c_0\int_0^{T_0}\frac{\tau^{\frac{\alpha-k}{n}-1}} {\tau^{-\frac kn}+t^{-\frac kn}}f_0^\ast(\tau)\,d\tauNEWLINE\]NEWLINE for all \(t\in(0,T_0]\), where \(u_0(x):=G_\alpha\ast f_0(x)\) for all \(x\in\mathbb R^n\) and \(c_0\) is a positive constant only depending on \(\alpha\), \(n\), \(k\). As applications of these results, the authors determine the continuity envelope functions for spaces of Bessel potential in \(n\)-dimensional Euclidean spaces and estimate the approximation numbers of some embeddings as well.

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