Excitability of a second-order delay differential equation
The paper is well written and it deals with the properties which the solutions to the interesting linear functional-differential equation \((*)\) \(x(t)-a^{2}x(t)=bx([t-1])\), have, when \(a,b\) are real constants and [ ] denotes the greatest integer function. First of all the authors give an existence result for a boundary value problem and then they show the following facts: (1) if \(b<0,\) then there exist oscillatory solutions; (2) if \(-a^{2}<b<0,\) then there exist nonoscillatory solutions; (3) if \(b<-a^{2} \text{cosh}(a),\) then each solution is oscillatory; (4) if \(b=-a^{2},\) then there exist solutions which are constant; (5) if \(b(\text{cosh}(a)-1)> a^{2}>0,\) then there are both oscillatory and nonoscillatory solutions; (6) there exists a positive \(b_{0}=b_{0}(a)\) such that for all \(0<b<b_{0},\) each solution is nonoscillatory; and, (7) if \(\frac{b}{a^{2}}=\frac{2 \text{cosh}(a)+1}{\text{cosh}(a)-1},\) then there exist periodic solutions with period three. Finally, the authors show how one can investigate the nonhomogeneous version of \((*)\).
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