Existence and homogenization for a singular problem through rough surfaces

DOI10.1137/15M1032107MaRDI QIDQ2836026zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 7 December 2016

Published in SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1137/15M1032107

homogenization interface conditions rough surfaces singular equations

Homogenization in context of PDEs; PDEs in media with periodic structure (35B27) Nonlinear boundary value problems for linear elliptic equations (35J65) Nonlinear boundary value problems for nonlinear elliptic equations (35J66) Singular elliptic equations (35J75)

Review text

Let \(\omega\) be a bounded smooth domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{N-1}\) (\(N\geq 2\)), let \(l>0\), and set \(Q:=\omega\times ]-l,l[\). Moreover, let \(g:]0,1[^{N-1}\rightarrow \mathcal{R}\) be a periodic positive Lipschitz continuous function and \(A:]0,1[^N\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^N\times \mathbb{R}^N\) be a \(]0,1[^N\)-periodic matrix field such that, for some \(\alpha,\beta>0\) and for all \(\lambda \in \mathbb{R}^N\), \((A(y)\lambda,\lambda)\geq \alpha |\lambda|^2\) and \(|A(y)\lambda|\leq \beta \lambda\), a.e. in \(]0,1[^N\). Finally, let \(h\) be a \(]0,1[^{N-1}\)-periodic function such that, for some \(h_0,M>0\), \(h_0<h(y)<M\) a.e. in \(\Gamma :=\{y=(y',y_N)\in ]0,1[^{N-1}\times \mathbb{R}: y_N=g(y')\}\), let \(\varepsilon,\kappa>0\), and set \(\Gamma_\varepsilon=\{(x',x_N)\in \omega \times \mathbb{R}: x_N=\varepsilon^\kappa g(\frac{x'}{\varepsilon})\}\), \(A^\varepsilon(x)=A(\frac{x}{\varepsilon})\), \(h^\varepsilon(x)=h(\frac{x}{\varepsilon})\).NEWLINENEWLINEThis paper deals with the following problem \((P_\varepsilon)\): NEWLINE\[NEWLINE-\operatorname{div}(A^\varepsilon\nabla u_\varepsilon)=f\zeta(u_\varepsilon)\quad\text{in }Q \setminus \Gamma_\varepsilon,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINE(A^\varepsilon\nabla u_\varepsilon)_1 \nu_\varepsilon =(A^\varepsilon\nabla u_\varepsilon)_2 \nu_\varepsilon\quad\text{on }\Gamma_\varepsilon,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINE(A^\varepsilon\nabla u_\varepsilon)_1 \nu_\varepsilon =-\varepsilon^\gamma h^\varepsilon (u_{\varepsilon 1}-u_{\varepsilon 2})\quad\text{on }\Gamma_\varepsilon,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu_\varepsilon=0\quad\text{on }\partial Q,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE which is a model for the stationary heat diffusion in the medium \(Q\) made up by the two connected composite components \(Q_{\varepsilon 1}=\{(x',x_N)\in Q: x_N>\varepsilon^\kappa g(\frac{x'}{\varepsilon})\}\), \(Q_{\varepsilon 2}=\{(x',x_N)\in Q: x_N<\varepsilon^\kappa g(\frac{x'}{\varepsilon})\}\) separated by the interface \(\Gamma_\varepsilon\). The parameter \(\kappa\) describes, as \(\varepsilon\rightarrow 0\), the type of oscillation of the interface: for \(\kappa>1\) the interface tends to become flat, while for \(0<\kappa<1\) the interface becomes highly oscillating. In problem \((P_\varepsilon)\), the subscripts \(1,2\) denote the restriction, respectively, to \(Q_{\varepsilon 1}\) and \(Q_{\varepsilon 2}\), \(\nu_\varepsilon\) is the unit outward normal to \(Q_{\varepsilon 1}\), \(\gamma\) is a real number, \(\zeta\in C^0([0,+\infty)\) is a nonnegative function such that \(\zeta(s)\leq s^{-\theta}\) in \(]0,+\infty[\), with \(0<\theta\leq 1\), and \(f\in L^r(Q)\) for \(r>\frac{2}{1+\theta}\), with \(f\) non-zero and nonnegative in \(Q\).NEWLINENEWLINEUnder the above conditions, the authors prove the existence of at least a solution of problem \((P_\varepsilon)\) for each \(\varepsilon>0\). They also prove that any solution of \((P_\varepsilon)\) is bounded if \(f\in L^r(Q)\) for \(r>\frac{N}{2}\), and that problem \((P_\varepsilon)\) admits a unique solution if \(\zeta\) is nondecreasing.NEWLINENEWLINEHomogenization results are also established. In particular, the authors prove that there exists a subsequence of solutions \(\{u^{\varepsilon_k}\}\), \((\varepsilon_k\rightarrow 0)\) and a function \(u_0\) such that \(u^{\varepsilon_k}\rightarrow u_0\) strongly in \(L^2(Q)\), \(\chi_{Q_{\varepsilon_ki}}\nabla u^{\varepsilon_k}\rightarrow \chi_{Q_i} \nabla u_0\) and \(\chi_{Q_{\varepsilon_ki}}A^\varepsilon \nabla u^{\varepsilon_k}\rightarrow \chi_{Q_i} A^0\nabla u_0\) weakly in \((L^2(Q))^N\), \(i=1,2\) (here \(Q_1=\{x\in Q: x_N>0\}\), \(Q_2=\{x\in Q: x_N<0\}\) and \(A^0\) is the homogenized tensor). Properties of \(u_0\) on varying of the parameters \(\gamma\) and \(\kappa\) are also described. Finally, a corrector matrix \(C^\varepsilon\) for the \(L^1\)-convergence to 0 of the sequence \(u^{\varepsilon_k}-C^{\varepsilon_k}\nabla u_0\) is explicitly computed.NEWLINENEWLINEMain ingredients for the proofs of the existence and regularity results are some a priori estimates and a truncation technique yielding a sequence of regularized problems which approximates \((P_\varepsilon)\). For the proof of the homogenization result, the main tool is a theorem stating that for \(\varepsilon_k\) small enough, the gradient of the solution \(u^{\varepsilon_k}\) is equivalent to that of a suitable linear problem.

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