Existence and regularity theorems of one-dimensional Brakke flows
A family of smoothly embedded hypersurfaces \((\Sigma_{t})_{0\leq t\leq T}\) in \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\) moves by mean curvature flow (MCF) if \[ \partial_{t}X=\overrightarrow{H}_{\Sigma_{t}}, \] where \(X\) is the position vector and \(\overrightarrow{H}_{\Sigma_{t}}\) is the mean curvature vector of \(\Sigma_{t}\). As a geometric flow, MCF describes the behavior of \(\Sigma_t\) that evolves over time \(t\). The notion of MCF in geometric measure theory started with \textit{K. A. Brakke}'s work [The motion of a surface by its mean curvature. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press (1978; Zbl 0386.53047)] and Brakke's flow describes a family of varifolds that satisfies the motion law of MCF in a distributional sense. The MCF structure is interesting and useful in fields such as differential geometry, general relativity, image processing, and material science. From the theory of Brakke flows with \(n = 1\), it is reasonable to speculate that, for general initial data, there should exist a \(1\)-dimensional Brakke flow which locally consists of a finite number of smooth curves meeting only at triple junctions for almost all time. In the paper under review, the authors proved in the scope of Brakke flows constructed in works [\textit{L. Kim} and \textit{ Y. Tonegawa}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 67, No. 1, 43--142 (2017; Zbl 1381.53118); \textit{S. Stuvard} and \textit{ Y. Tonegawa}, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 60, No. 1, Paper No. 43, 53 p. (2021; Zbl 1459.53083)] that given a closed countably \(1\)-rectifiable set in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) with locally finite \(1\)-dimensional Hausdorff measure, then there exists a Brakke flow starting from the given set with the property that for almost all time, the flow locally consists of a finite number of embedded curves of class \(W^{2,2}\) whose endpoints meet at junctions with angles of either 0, 60 or 120 degrees (Theorems 2.2 and 2.3). The paper closes with a substantial section of comments.
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