Existence of bubbling solutions without mass concentration

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Abstract: The seminal work cite{bm} by Brezis and Merle has been pioneering in studying the bubbling phenomena of the mean field equation with singular sources. When the vortex points are not collapsing, the mean field equation possesses the property of the so-called "bubbling implies mass concentration". Recently, Lin and Tarantello in cite{lt} pointed out that the "bubbling implies mass concentration" phenomena might not hold in general if the collapse of singularities occurs. In this paper, we shall construct the first concrete example of non-concentrated bubbling solution of the mean field equation with collapsing singularities.


Let \(\mathcal{M}=(M,g)\) be a closed Riemann surface with total volume 1. Let \(p>0\) be given. Let \(S=\{q_1,\dots,q_k\}\) be a finite set of vertex points and let \(\delta_{q_i}\) be the associated Dirac measure. Let \(h_*\in C^{2,\sigma}\) be positive and let \(\Delta\) be the Laplacian. Consider the mean field equation \[ \Delta u+p\left(\frac{h_*e^u}{\int h_*e^u}\right)=4\pi\sum_{q_i\in S}\alpha_i(\delta_{q_i}-1)\,. \] Work of \textit{H. Brézis} and \textit{F. Merle} [Commun. Partial Differ. Equations 16, No. 8--9, 1223--1253 (1991; Zbl 0746.35006)] implies any sequence of blow up solutions must exhibit only finitely many points around which their mass concentrates; when the vertex points are non collapsing, the mean field equation possesses bubbling implies mass concentration. \textit{C.-S. Lin} and \textit{G. Tarantello} [C. R., Math., Acad. Sci. Paris 354, No. 5, 493--498 (2016; Zbl 1387.35310)] noted that bubbling implies mass concentration might not hold in general if collapse of singularities occurs. In the present the work, the authors present an example of a non-concentrated bubbling solution of the mean field equation with collapsing singularities. Section 1 contains an introduction to the matter at hand. Section 2 presents preliminaries and introduces estimates illustrating constructing suitable approximate solutions. These approximate solutions are treated in Section 3. A suitable linearized operator is examined in Section 4. Section 5 deals with the invertibility of the linearized operator. Section 6 completes the discussion.



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