Mean field equations, hyperelliptic curves and modular forms. I

DOI10.4310/CJM.2015.V3.N1.A3MaRDI QIDQ496565zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ching-Li Chai, Chang-Shou Lin, Chin-Lung Wang

Publication date 22 September 2015

Published in Cambridge Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03297

zbMATH Keywords

singular Liouville equationDirac delta measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Elliptic functions and integrals (33E05) Singular elliptic equations (35J75) PDEs with measure (35R06) Relationships between algebraic curves and integrable systems (14H70) Green's functions for elliptic equations (35J08)

Abstract: We develop a theory connecting the following three areas: (a) the mean field equation (MFE) $riangleu+e^u=ho,delt{a}_0$, $hoinmathbb{R}_{>0}$ on flat tori $E_{a}u=mathbbC/(mathbbZ+mathbbZau)$, (b) the classical Lam'e equations and (c) modular forms. A major theme in part I is a classification of developing maps $f$ attached to solutions $u$ of the mean field equation according to the type of transformation laws (or monodromy) with respect to $Lambda$ satisfied by $f$. We are especially interested in the case when the parameter $ho$ in the mean field equation is an integer multiple of $4pi$. In the case when $ho=4pi(2n+1)$ for a non-negative integer $n$, we prove that the number of solutions is $n+1$ except for a finite number of conformal isomorphism classes of flat tori, and we give a family of polynomials which characterizes the developing maps for solutions of mean field equations through the configuration of their zeros and poles. Modular forms appear naturally already in the simplest situation when $,ho=4pi$. In the case when $ho=8pin$ for a positive integer $n$, the solvability of the MFE depends on the emph{moduli} of the flat tori $E_{a}u$ and leads naturally to a hyperelliptic curve $$ arising from the Hermite-Halphen ansatz solutions of Lam'e's differential equation $frac{d}^{2}wd{z}^2-(n(n+1)wp(z;Lambd{a}_{au})+B)w=0$. We analyse the curve $$ from both the analytic and the algebraic perspective, including its local coordinate near the point at infinity, which turns out to be a smooth point of $$. We also specify the role of the branch points of the hyperelliptic projection $$ when the parameter $ho$ varies in a neighborhood of $ho=8pin$.

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• A singular sphere covering inequality: uniqueness and symmetry of solutions to singular Liouville-type equations
• Green's function and anti-holomorphic dynamics on a torus
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• Uniqueness of bubbling solutions of mean field equations with non-quantized singularities
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• Spherical rectangles
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• Spectrum of the Lamé operator and application. I: Deformation along \(\operatorname{Re} \tau = \frac{ 1}{ 2} \)
• The geometry of generalized Lamé equation. I
• The domain geometry and the bubbling phenomenon of rank two gauge theory
• Existence of bubbling solutions without mass concentration
• An algebraic construction of a solution to the mean field equations on hyperelliptic curves and its adiabatic limit
• A necessary and sufficient condition for the Darboux-Treibich-Verdier potential with its spectrum contained in \(\mathbb{R} \)
• Explicit solutions to the mean field equations on hyperelliptic curves of genus two
• Elliptic KdV potentials and conical metrics of positive constant curvature. I
• On algebraic multiplicity of (anti)periodic eigenvalues of Hill's equations
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• Mean field equations, hyperelliptic curves and modular forms. II
• Simple zero property of some holomorphic functions on the moduli space of tori
• Exact number and non-degeneracy of critical points of multiple Green functions on rectangular tori

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