Mean field equations, hyperelliptic curves and modular forms. I

DOI10.4310/CJM.2015.V3.N1.A3zbMATH Open1327.35116arXiv1502.03297OpenAlexW2962836157MaRDI QIDQ496565FDOQ496565

Authors: Ching-Li Chai, Chang-Shou Lin, Chin-Lung Wang 

Publication date: 22 September 2015

Published in: Cambridge Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We develop a theory connecting the following three areas: (a) the mean field equation (MFE) $riangleu+e^u=ho,delt{a}_0$, $hoinmathbb{R}_{>0}$ on flat tori $E_{a}u=mathbbC/(mathbbZ+mathbbZau)$, (b) the classical Lam'e equations and (c) modular forms. A major theme in part I is a classification of developing maps $f$ attached to solutions $u$ of the mean field equation according to the type of transformation laws (or monodromy) with respect to $Lambda$ satisfied by $f$. We are especially interested in the case when the parameter $ho$ in the mean field equation is an integer multiple of $4pi$. In the case when $ho=4pi(2n+1)$ for a non-negative integer $n$, we prove that the number of solutions is $n+1$ except for a finite number of conformal isomorphism classes of flat tori, and we give a family of polynomials which characterizes the developing maps for solutions of mean field equations through the configuration of their zeros and poles. Modular forms appear naturally already in the simplest situation when $,ho=4pi$. In the case when $ho=8pin$ for a positive integer $n$, the solvability of the MFE depends on the emph{moduli} of the flat tori $E_{a}u$ and leads naturally to a hyperelliptic curve $$ arising from the Hermite-Halphen ansatz solutions of Lam'e's differential equation $frac{d}^{2}wd{z}^2-(n(n+1)wp(z;Lambd{a}_{au})+B)w=0$. We analyse the curve $$ from both the analytic and the algebraic perspective, including its local coordinate near the point at infinity, which turns out to be a smooth point of $$. We also specify the role of the branch points of the hyperelliptic projection $$ when the parameter $ho$ varies in a neighborhood of $ho=8pin$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03297

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zbMATH Keywords

singular Liouville equationDirac delta measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Elliptic functions and integrals (33E05) Singular elliptic equations (35J75) PDEs with measure (35R06) Relationships between algebraic curves and integrable systems (14H70) Green's functions for elliptic equations (35J08)

Cited In (52)

• Spectrum of the Lamé operator along \(Re \tau = 1/2\): the genus 3 case
• On the closure of the Airault-Mckean-Moser locus for elliptic KdV potentials via Darboux transformations
• Spectral properties of reducible conical metrics
• Real-root property of the spectral polynomial of the Treibich-Verdier potential and related problems
• Even solutions of some mean field equations at non-critical parameters on a flat torus
• Co-axial metrics on the sphere and algebraic numbers
• Mixed type solutions of the \(\mathrm{SU}(3)\) models on a torus
• Metrics with four conic singularities and spherical quadrilaterals
• Existence and non-existence of solutions of the mean field equations on flat tori
• Hamiltonian system for the elliptic form of Painlevé VI equation
• On rank-2 Toda systems with arbitrary singularities: local mass and new estimates
• Sharp estimates for solutions of mean field equations with collapsing singularity
• On number and evenness of solutions of the \(SU(3)\) Toda system on flat tori with non-critical parameters
• Sharp existence, symmetry and asymptotics results for the singular \(SU(3)\) Toda system with critical parameters
• Uniqueness of bubbling solutions with collapsing singularities
• On the even solutions of the Toda system: a degree argument approach
• A singular sphere covering inequality: uniqueness and symmetry of solutions to singular Liouville-type equations
• Green's function and anti-holomorphic dynamics on a torus
• On algebraic multiplicity of (anti)periodic eigenvalues of Hill’s equations
• Deformation of the spectrum for Darboux-Treibich-Verdier potential along \(\mathrm{Re}\,\tau =\frac{1}{2}\)
• A note on the critical points of the localization landscape
• Critical points of the Eisenstein series \(E_4\) and application to the spectrum of the Lamé operator
• Uniqueness of bubbling solutions of mean field equations with non-quantized singularities
• Irreducible cone spherical metrics and stable extensions of two line bundles
• Sharp estimate for the critical parameters of \(SU(3)\) Toda system with arbitrary singularities. I
• On algebro-geometric simply-periodic solutions of the KdV hierarchy
• Moduli of spherical tori with one conical point
• Degree counting for Toda system with simple singularity: one point blow up
• A necessary and sufficient condition for the Darboux-Treibich-Verdier potential with its spectrum contained in $\mathbb{R}$
• On the asymptotics for minimizers of Donaldson functional in Teichmüller theory
• Bubbling mixed type solutions of the SU(3) models on a torus
• Uniqueness of bubbling solutions of mean field equations
• Unitary monodromy implies the smoothness along the real axis for some Painlevé VI equation. II
• Spherical rectangles
• The geometry of generalized Lamé equation. II: Existence of pre-modular forms and application
• Local uniqueness and non-degeneracy of blow up solutions of mean field equations with singular data
• On metrics of curvature 1 with four conic singularities on tori and on the sphere
• Doubly periodic mixed type solution of Non-Abelian Chern–Simons–Higgs vortices with flavor
• Global differential geometry. Abstracts from the workshop held June 30 -- July 5, 2019
• Determinant of the Laplacian on Tori of Constant Positive Curvature with one Conical Point
• Spectrum of the Lamé operator and application. I: Deformation along \(\operatorname{Re} \tau = \frac{ 1}{ 2} \)
• Spectrum of the Lamé operator and application. II: When an endpoint is a cusp
• The geometry of generalized Lamé equation. I
• Moduli spaces for Lamé functions and Abelian differentials of the second kind
• Existence of bubbling solutions without mass concentration
• The domain geometry and the bubbling phenomenon of rank two gauge theory
• Elliptic KdV potentials and conical metrics of positive constant curvature. I
• Explicit solutions to the mean field equations on hyperelliptic curves of genus two
• Existence results for a super-Liouville equation on compact surfaces
• Mean field equations, hyperelliptic curves and modular forms. II
• Simple zero property of some holomorphic functions on the moduli space of tori
• Exact number and non-degeneracy of critical points of multiple Green functions on rectangular tori

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