Mean field equations, hyperelliptic curves and modular forms. I (Q496565)

In this article, the authors consider the following singular Liouville equation with parameter \(\rho \in \mathbb R_{>0}\) \[ -\Delta u+e^u=\rho \delta_0\quad\text{on } E, \tag{1} \] where \(E\) is a flat torus, \(\delta_0\) denotes the Dirac delta measure at the zero point and the parameter \(\rho\) is an integer multiple of \(4\pi\). The authors study the cases where \(\rho = 4\pi(2n+1)\) and \(\rho = 8\pi n\) for a non-negative integer \(n\) and explore the connection between the solvability of the Liouville equation (1), the classical Lamé equation and modular forms.