Existence of the fundamental solution of a second order evolution equation
The author investigates the existence of fundamental solutions to a second-order evolution equation using stable approximations of an operator \(A(t)\) by a sequence \(\{A_n(t)\}\) of bounded operators. There is considered the evolution equation \[ d^2x/dt^2= A(t)x,\quad 0\leq t\leq T\tag{1} \] with the following assumptions: \((\text{Z}_1)\) The linear operator \(A(t): X\to X\) is defined for each \(t\in[0, T]\) on a real Banach space \(X\) having the domain \(D(A):= D(A(t))\) independent of \(t\) and dense in \(X\) and for each \(t\in[0, T]\) the operator \(A(t)\) has a bounded inverse \(A^{-1}(t)\). \((\text{Z}_2)\) For each \(t\in[0, T]\), \(A(t)\) is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous cosine family \(\{C_t(\xi): \xi\in\mathbb{R}\}\) of bounded linear operators from \(X\) into itself. \((\text{Z}_3)\) For each \(t\in[0, T]\) there exists a linear operator \(B(t): X\to X\) such that \(B^2(t)= A(t)\), the domain \(D(B):= D(B(t))\) is independent of \(t\) and \(0\) belongs to the resolvent set of \(B(t)\). \((\text{Z}_4)\) For each \(x\in D(B)\) the mapping \(t\to B(t)x\) is of class \(C^1\) in \([0,T]\). The author shows that if the assumptions \((\text{Z}_1)\text{--}(\text{Z}_4)\) are satisfied, \(\{A(t)\}\), \(t\in[0, T]\) is a stable family and the mapping \([0,T]\ni t\to A(t)x\), \(x\in D(A)\) is continuously differentiable, then the Cauchy problem for the equation (1) is uniformly correct having a fundamental solution (evolution operator) \(S(t,s)\) defined by \[ S(t,s)x:= \pi_1\nu(t,s){0\brack x}\quad\text{for every }x\in X, \] where \(\pi_1{y\brack x}:= y\) for \(y\in Y\), \(x\in X\), \(\nu(t,s)\) is the evolution operator of the Cauchy problem for the equation \[ dw/dt= A(t)w,\quad t\in[0, T] \] and \(A(t)= \left[\begin{smallmatrix} 0 & I\\ A(t) & 0\end{smallmatrix}\right]\). Moreover, if the fundamental solution \(S(t,s)\) is known and if the function \(f:[0, T]\to X\) satisfies certain conditions, and if \(u_0,u_1\in D(A)\), then the problem \[ d^2u/dt^2= A(t)u+ f(t),\quad t\in[0, T],\quad u(0)= u_0,\quad u'(0)= u_1 \] has a unique solution \(u\) given by \[ u(t)=-{\partial\over\partial s} S(t,s)|_{S= 0}u_0+ S(t,0)u_1+ \int^t_0 S(t,s)f(s)ds. \] {}.
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