Explicit conversions between summatory functions of the Möbius function
Let \(M(x) := \sum_{n \leqslant x} \mu(n)\) be the Mertens function, and \(m(x):= \sum_{n \leqslant x} \frac{\mu(n)}{n}\) be the logarithmic mean of the Möbius \(\mu\) function. In [\textit{M. Balazard}, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. 276, 33--39 (2012; Zbl 1297.11120)], Balazard established some identities relating \(M(x)\) and \(m(x)\). In this interesting article under review, the author generalizes Balazard's work by proving a theorem generating all identities of this type. More precisely, it is shown the following result: let \(g,h : \left[ 0,1 \right] \to \mathbb{C}\) be two integrable functions on \([0,1]\) such that \N\[\N\int_0^1 g(t) \, \mathrm{d}t = 1 \quad \text{and} \quad \int_0^1 h(t) \, \mathrm{d}t = 0.\N\]\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[\(\triangleright\)] For all \(x \geqslant 1\), set \(G(x) := 1 - \frac{1}{x} \sum_{n \leqslant x} g(n/x)\). Then, for all \(x \geqslant 1\), we have \N\[\Nx m(x) - M(x) = \int_1^x M(x/t) G(t) \, \mathrm{d}t + \int_{1/x}^{1} \frac{g(t)}{t} \, \mathrm{d}t.\N\]\N\item[\(\triangleright\)] For all \(x \geqslant 1\), set \(H(x) := 1 - \sum_{n \leqslant x} h(n/x)\). Then, for all \(x \geqslant 1\), we have \N\[\Nx m(x) - M(x) = x \int_1^x m(x/t) H(t) \, \frac{\mathrm{d}t}{t^2} - x \int_0^{1/x} h(t) \, \mathrm{d}t.\N\]\N\end{itemize}\NUsing this identities with some specific weights allows the author to establish some important consequences for the Möbius function. Among other things, the author proves that \N\[\N|m(x)| \leqslant \frac{0.0130073}{\log x} \ \left( x \geqslant 97 063 \right) \quad \text{and} \quad |m(x)| < \frac{363}{(\log x)^{2}} \ \left( x \geqslant 2 \right)\N\]\Nimproving earlier results obtained by Ramaré in [\textit{O. Ramaré}, Math. Comput. 84, No. 293, 1359--1387 (2015; Zbl 1320.11095)] and the reviewer in [\textit{O. Bordellès}, J. Integer Seq. 18, No. 11, Article 15.11.1, 13 p. (2015; Zbl 1390.11115)]. As an asymptotical corollary, the authors also shows that \N\[\N\limsup_{x \to \infty} |m(x)| \sqrt{x} > \sqrt{2}\N\]\Nestablishing that the supremum of \(|m(x)| \sqrt{x}\) is not reached for \(x \to 2^{-}\), contrary to what the first numerical observations might suggest.
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