Explicit evaluations of some Weil sums
For a nontrivial additive character \(\chi\) of the finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q\) (\(q=p^e\) odd), Weil sums are defined as \(\sum_{x\in \mathbb{F}_q} \chi(f(x))\) with \(f(x)\in \mathbb{F}_q[x]\). For a general polynomial \(f(x)\), no formula is known that gives the value of this sum; however, results giving estimates for the absolute value of the sum are common. For special forms of \(f(x)\), it is of course possible to evaluate the sum and some such results are known. For example Carlitz obtained explicit evaluations of the sum for \(f(x)= ax^{p+1}+ bx\). In the present paper, the author evaluates the Weil sum for \(f(x)= ax^{p^\alpha+1}\) with \(\alpha\) an integer \(\geq 1\). The methods used are largely generalizations of Carlitz's method. The proof splits into two cases viz. (1) (the easy case): \(e/d\) is odd where \(d= (\alpha,e)\). (2) (the main case): \(e/d\) is even, \(e=2m\). See also the author's paper in Acta Arith. 86, 217-226 (1998; Zbl 0917.11061).
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