Exponential and weakly exponential subgroups of finite groups
This article investigates the theory of exponential and weakly exponential subgroups of finite groups, as introduced by \textit{L. Sabatini} [Ars Math. Contemp. 24, No. 1, Paper No. 9, 9 p. (2024; Zbl 1523.20045)]. A subgroup \(H \leq G\) is said to be \textit{exponential} if \(x^{|G:H|} \in H\) for all \(x \in G\) and one writes \(H \leq_{\mathrm{exp}} G\). All subnormal subgroups are exponential and \(G\) is nilpotent if and only if all its subgroups are exponential.\N\NThe authors introduce the notion of \textit{exp-simple} groups: a finite group \(G\) is exp-simple if its only exponential subgroups are \(G\) itself and those \(H\) such that \(\mathrm{exp}(G)\) divides \(|G:H|\). They prove that \(G\) is exp-simple if and only if \(\mathrm{exp}(G) = \mathrm{exp}(G/N)\) for all proper normal subgroups \(N\) (Theorem 1.3) and provide a classification of exp-simple groups (Corollary 1.4). In particular, all simple groups are exp-simple and among solvable groups, only \(p\)-groups of exponent \(p\) are exp-simple.\N\NTo extend the theory beyond nilpotent groups, the notion of \textit{weakly exponential} subgroups is introduced: \(H \leq G\) is weakly exponential if for every \(x \in G\) there exists \(g \in G\) such that \(x^{|G:H|} \in H^g\). A group \(G\) is called \textit{weakly exponential-solvable} or wexp-solvable if all its subgroups are weakly exponential.\N\NThe authors prove that all finite solvable groups are wexp-solvable (Theorem 1.8), while almost all symmetric and alternating groups are not. In particular, \(S_n\) is minimal wexp-nonsolvable if and only if \(n = 5\) or \(n \geq 7\) (Theorem 1.10) and \(A_n\) is minimal wexp-nonsolvable if and only if \(n \geq 7\) (Theorem 1.11).\N\NFinally, the paper gives a detailed classification of the groups \(\mathrm{PSL}(2, q)\) that are \(w\mathrm{exp}\)-solvable (Theorem 1.12). In particular, \(\mathrm{PSL}(2, p)\) is wexp-solvable for precisely those primes \(p\) congruent to \(7\), \(17\), \(43\), \(53\), \(67\), \(77\), \(103\) or \(113\) modulo \(120\), together with the small cases \(p = 2\), \(3\), \(5\).
- A Note on Finite Nilpotent Groups
- Exponential and weakly exponential subgroups of finite groups
- Finite group theory.
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3135133 (Why is no real title available?)
- On Integers that are Covering Numbers of Groups
- Products of subgroups, subnormality, and relative orders of elements
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