Factoring polynomials over finite fields: A survey

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The paper surveys several algorithms for the factorization of univariate polynomials over finite fields, emphasizing the main ideas of the methods. The problem addressed is: Given a monic univariate polynomial \(f\in F_q [x]\), find the complete factorization \(f = f_1^{e_1} f_2^{e_2}\cdots f_k^{e_k}\) where \(f_1,\dots,f_k\) are pairwise distinct monic irreducible polynomials and \(e_1,\dots,e_k\) are positive integers. The complexity of the algorithms discussed are given in terms of the number of operations in \({F}_q\) and the ``soft \(O\) notation is used that ignores logarithmic factors. Some discussion is given of the practicality of fast arithmetic and matrix arithmetic. Many general factoring algorithms comprise the following three steps: SFF: square free factorization that reduces the given polynomial to one which contains all the irreducible factors to degree one. DDF: distinct degree factorization splits the squarefree polynomial into a product of polynomials whose irreducible factors all have the same degree.



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