Factorization in Haar system Hardy spaces
factorization of operatorsHardy spacesmaximal operator idealsprimarinessrearrangement-invariant spaces
(H^p)-spaces (42B30) Probabilistic methods in Banach space theory (46B09) Classical Banach spaces in the general theory (46B25) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Factorization theory (including Wiener-Hopf and spectral factorizations) of linear operators (47A68) Operator ideals (47L20)
Recall that a Banach space \(X\) is called primary if whenever \(X=E\oplus F\) then either \(E\) or \(F\) is isomorphic to \(X\). The dyadic Hardy space \(H^1\) was proved to be primary by \textit{P.~F.~X. Müller} [Stud. Math. 89, No.~2, 145--158 (1988; Zbl 0677.46010); Stud. Math. 88, No.~2, 121--127 (1988; Zbl 0653.46054)] and the spaces \(L^p(L^q)\) for \(1<p,q<\infty\) by \textit{M.~Capon} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 276, 431--487 (1983; Zbl 0511.46012); Isr. J. Math. 42, 87--98 (1982; Zbl 0491.46012)]. The following notions are crucial in their considerations: A Banach space \(E\) is said to have the primary factorization property if for any bounded linear operator \(T:E\to E\) the identity \(I_E\) either factors through \(T\) or through \(I_E-T\). It is known that this property is equivalent to the fact that \(\mathcal M_E=\{ T\in \mathcal B(E): I_E\neq ATB \hbox{ for all } A,B\in \mathcal B(E)\}\) is an ideal of \(\mathcal B(E)\) or equivalently closed under addition. Also, a bounded linear operator \(T:E\to E\) where \(E\) has a Schauder basis \((e_k)\) and biorthogonal functionals \((e^*_k)\) is said to have large diagonal if \(\inf_j |\langle e_j^*, Te_j\rangle |>0\).\N\N The authors prove factorization results for Haar system Hardy spaces which are the completion of the linear span of the Haar system either under a rearrangement-invariant norm \(\|\cdot\|\) or under the associated square function norm \(\|(\sum_I a_I^2|h_I|^2)^{1/2}\|.\) This class will cover Lebesgue spaces \(L^p\) as well as dyadic Hardy spaces \(H^p\) for \(1\le p<\infty\). Their results allow them to obtain a unified proof for the primariness of \(L^p\) and \(H^1\) spaces. Their main results establish that a Haar system space \(Y\) with \(Y\neq C(\Delta)\) satisfies the primary factorization property and that the identity \(I_Y\) factors through \(T\) for all \(T: Y\to Y\) that have large diagonal with respect to the Haar system. Also they show that similar results hold for \(\ell^p(Y)\) for \(1\le p\le \infty\). They apply their results to show that those spaces are primary.
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