Factorization of Certain Piecewise Constant Matrix Functions and Its Applications

Integral equations of the convolution type (Abel, Picard, Toeplitz and Wiener-Hopf type) (45E10) Functions whose values are linear operators (operator- and matrix-valued functions, etc., including analytic and meromorphic ones) (47A56)

Review text

The paper is concerned with a piecewise constant \(2\times 2\)-matrix function \[ G(t)=C_ 0\chi_ 0(t)+C_ 1\chi_ 1(t)+C_ 2\chi_ 2(t), \] where \(\chi_ 1\), \(\chi_ 2\) are the characteristic functions of intervals \((t_ 0,t_ 1)\) and \((t_ 1,t_ 2)\), \(-\infty<t_ 0<t_ 1<t_ 2\leq+\infty\), and \(\chi_ 0\) is the characteristic function of \(\mathbb{R}\setminus[t_ 0,t_ 2]\) (resp. \(\mathbb{R}\setminus [t_ 0,+\infty)\) if \(t_ 2=+\infty\)). Necessary and sufficient conditions are given such that \(G\) has a factorization \[ G(t)=G_ +(t)\Lambda(t)G_ - (t)^{-1}, \] with \({1\over {t\pm i}}G_ \pm(t)\), resp. \({1\over {t\pm i}} G_ \pm(t)^{-1}\), in the generalized Hardy-classes \(H_{p,\rho}^ \pm\) resp. \(H_{q,1/\rho}^ \pm\), in the upper (lower) half-plane \(\Pi^ \pm\), where \(1<p<\infty\), \(p^{-1}+q^{-1}=1\), and the weight \(\rho\) is given by \(\rho(t)=(1+t^ 2)^{\nu/2}| t-t_ 0|^{\nu_ 0}| t-t_ 1|^{\nu_ 1}\) (if \(t_ 2=+\infty\)) or \(\rho(t)=(1+t^ 2)^{-(\nu_ 0+\nu_ 1+\nu_ 2)/2}| t-t_ 0|^{\nu_ 0} | t-t_ 1|^{\nu_ 1}| t-t_ 2|^{\nu_ 2}\) (if \(t_ 2\in\mathbb{R}\)), while \(-p^{- 1}<\nu_ k<1-p^{-1}\), \(-p^{-1}<\nu+\nu_ 0+\nu_ 1<1-p^{-1}\), whereas \[ \Lambda(t)=\text{diag}\left(\left({{t-i} \over {t+i}}\right)^{\kappa_ 1}, \left({{t-i} \over {t+i}}\right)^{\kappa_ 2}\right). \] The invertibility of the matrices \(C_ 0\), \(C_ 1\) and \(C_ 2\) is a necessary condition, and admitting this one finds conditions equivalent to the existence of a factorization in terms of the arguments of the eigenvalues of \(C_ 0^{-1}C_ 1\), \(C_ 1^{-1}C_ 2\) and \(C_ 0^{-1}C_ 2\). The partial indices \(\kappa_ 1\), \(\kappa_ 2\) of the factorization can be expressed in terms of these arguments as well. From known stability conditions one then derives necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of \(\kappa_ 1\), \(\kappa_ 2\) under small perturbations of \(G(t)\). The result can be used to obtain conditions for the invertibility of the operator \(R_ G\) induced by \(G\) in the space \(L_{2,\rho}^ 2\), e.g. in the case where each convex combination of \(C_ 0\), \(C_ 1\) and \(C_ 2\) is invertible. The above results are applied to singular integral equations on the unit circle, where the necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the applicability of the projection- (\(\equiv\) finite-section-) method to the operators \({1\over 2}a(I+S^ 0)+{1\over 2} b(I-S^ 0)\) (with \(a\), \(b\) piecewise continuous \(2\times 2\)-matrix functions) and \({1\over 4}((I+S^ 0)a(I+S^ 0))+{1\over 4}((I+S^ 0)b(I-S^ 0)J)+ {1\over 2}(I-S^ 0)\) (with \(a\), \(b\) scalar functions and \((Jf)(\zeta)={1\over\zeta}f(\overline \zeta))\), and these results are applied to the generalized Riemann-Hilbert problem of solving \(\varphi^ +(t)+a(t)\varphi^ -(t)+b(t)\overline{\varphi^ -(t)}=c(t)\) on the unit circle \(\mathbb{T}=\partial\mathbb{D}\) with \(\varphi^ \pm\in H_ 2^ \pm(\mathbb{T})\).

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