Fibered simple knots

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2022.108588MaRDI QIDQ2172223zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Joshua Evan Greene, John Luecke

Publication date 15 September 2022

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08485

zbMATH Keywords

Alexander polynomialbranched surfaceEuclidean algorithmlens spacerace track problemsimple knot

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Knot theory (57K10) General topology of 3-manifolds (57K30)

Abstract: We prove that a simple knot in the lens space $L(p,q)$ fibers if and only if its order in homology does not divide any remainder occurring in the Euclidean algorithm applied to the pair $(p,q)$. One corollary is that if $p=m^2$ is a perfect square, then any simple knot of order $m$ fibers, answering a question of Cebanu. More generally, we compute the leading coefficient of the Alexander polynomial of a simple knot, and we describe how to construct a minimum complexity Seifert surface for one. The methods are direct, combinatorial, and geometric.

Review text

Take two standard solid tori, and glue them together along their boundary tori to give a closed \(3\)-manifold. The resulting manifold can be identified using a pair of co-prime integers \(p\) and \(q\) that describe the gluing map. If it is not \(\mathbb{S}^3\) or \(\mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{S}^1\) then the manifold is the \textit{lens space} \(L(p,q)\). Take a meridian disc in each solid torus such that their boundaries intersect minimally, and form a knot in the lens space as the union of two arcs, one contained in each meridian disc. Such knots are called \textit{simple} knots, and there is exactly one simple knot in each non-trivial first homology class. A knot in a \(3\)-manifold is \textit{fibered} if the knot exterior fibers over the circle. In the context of the Berge conjecture, it is of interest to identify which simple knots in lens spaces are fibered. This paper completely answers that question, by comparing the order of the homology class of the knot with the sequence of remainders obtained when applying the Euclidean algorithm to the pair \((p,q)\). The authors note that, in this paper, ``the methods are direct, combinatorial, and geometric. A simple knot in a lens space gives rise to a sequence of non-negative integers that is linked to the Alexander polynomial of the knot. This can be understood geometrically by constructing a \textit{domain} for the knot, a \(2\)-chain within the Heegaard torus used to form the lens space, and this is used to prove the main result. From this domain, the authors also build a branched surface in the knot exterior, and a rational Seifert surface for the knot that is carried by the branched surface. It is shown that this Seifert surface is taut.

Recommendations

• Every Lens space contains a genus one homologically fibered knot
• Fibered Knots and Spherical Space Forms
• Algebraic Invariants of Simple 4-Knots
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Cites work

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• Grid Diagrams for Lens Spaces and Combinatorial Knot Floer Homology
• Heegaard Floer correction terms and rational genus bounds
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• Incompressible branched surfaces
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• Trees, valuations, and the Bieri-Neumann-Strebel invariant

Cited in

(8)

• Genus one fibered knots in lens spaces
• Fiber braids and knots
• Simple, small knots in handlebodies
• Algebraic Invariants of Simple 4-Knots
• Counting genus one fibered knots in Lens spaces
• FOUR-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS CONSTRUCTED BY LENS SPACE SURGERIES ALONG TORUS KNOTS
• LENS SPACE SURGERIES ALONG CERTAIN 2-COMPONENT LINKS RELATED WITH PARK’S RATIONAL BLOW DOWN, AND REIDEMEISTER-TURAEV TORSION
• Every Lens space contains a genus one homologically fibered knot

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