Fine shape II: A Whitehead-type theorem

Publication date 20 November 2022

Abstract: We prove an "abelian, locally compact" Whitehead theorem in fine shape: A fine shape morphism between locally connected finite-dimensional locally compact separable metrizable spaces with trivial

p i_{0}

and

p i_{1}

is a fine shape equivalence if and only if it induces isomorphisms on the

p i_{i}

(=the Steenrod-Sitnikov homotopy groups). We show by an example that the hypothesis of local connectedness cannot be dropped (even though it can be dropped in the compact case). As a byproduct, we also show that for a locally compact separable metrizable space

X

, the Steenrod-Sitnikov homology

H_{n} (X) = 0

if and only if each compactum

K s u b s e t X

lies in a compactum

L s u b s e t X

such that the map

H_{n} (K) o H_{n} (L)

is trivial. A cornerstone result of the paper is purely algebraic: If a direct sequence of groups

G a m m a_{0} o G a m m a_{1} o d o t s

has trivial colimit, then it is trivial as an ind-group (i.e. each

G a m m a_{i}

maps trivially to some

G a m m a_{j}

), as long as it has one of the following forms:

l i m_{i}^{1} G_{i 0} o l i m_{i}^{1} G_{i 1} o d o t s

, where the

G_{i j}

are countable abelian groups;

l i m_{i} G_{i 0} o l i m_{i} G_{i 1} o d o t s

, where the

G_{i j}

are finitely generated groups, which are either all abelian or satisfy the Mittag-Leffler condition for each

j

.

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