Finite flat group schemes

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For an isogeny \(X \to Y\) of degree \(n\) between two abelian varieties of degree \(g\), the kernel is a finite flat group scheme of order \(n^{2g} .\) This is used to motivate the study of finite flat group schemes. The paper is designed to be an introduction to the subject, described in the language of schemes. At first, there are no restrictions on the group schemes or their base scheme \(S\). However, the attention is quickly turned towards group schemes that are commutative, and later finite over an affine base scheme \(S\)=Spec(\(R\)). The author constructs group schemes as group objects in the category of schemes over \(S\). Examples are given and basic properties are discussed, including those of the representing Hopf algebra of an affine group scheme. Results of Grothendieck are used to establish quotient objects in the category [\textit{A. Grothendieck}, ``Technique de descente et théorèmes d'existence en géometrie algébrique. I-IV, Sémin. Bourbaki 12, Exp. No. 190 and 195 (1960; Zbl 0229.14007 and Zbl 0234.14007)]. Let \(R\) be a discrete valuation ring with field of fractions \(K\). In the final section, the results from \textit{M. Raynaud}'s paper [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 102(1974), 241-280 (1975; Zbl 0325.14020)] are duplicated, where he describes prolongations of \(K\)-group schemes to \(R\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0878.11004].











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