Finite powers of strong measure zero sets

combinatorial set theory covering properties partition relations product spaces Ramsey theory selection principles strong measure zero sets topological games

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Partition relations (03E02) Other combinatorial set theory (03E05) Product spaces in general topology (54B10) Metric spaces, metrizability (54E35) Games involving topology, set theory, or logic (91A44)

Review text

A metric space \(X\) is said to have strong measure zero if for each sequence \(\langle \varepsilon_n : n \in {\mathbb N} \rangle\) of positive real numbers, there is an open cover \(\langle U_n : n \in {\mathbb N} \rangle\) of \(X\) with diameter \((U_n) < \varepsilon_n\) for all \(n\). The class of strong measure zero sets need not be closed under taking products, and the paper investigates spaces with properties stronger than strong measure zeroness products of which still have strong measure zero. An open cover \({\mathcal U}\) of a space \(X\) is an \(\omega\)-cover if every finite subset of \(X\) is covered by a member of \({\mathcal U}\). It is a \(\gamma\)-cover if each element of the space belongs to all but finitely many members of \({\mathcal U}\). A space \(X\) is a \(\gamma\)-set if for each sequence \(\langle {\mathcal U}_n : n \in {\mathbb N} \rangle\) of \(\omega\)-covers of \(X\), there is a sequence \(\langle U_n : n \in {\mathbb N} \rangle\) with \(U_n \in {\mathcal U}_n\) which is a \(\gamma\)-cover of \(X\). The author shows for example that the product of finitely many \(\gamma\)-sets of reals is a strong measure zero set. Furthermore, for a subspace \(X\) of a \(\sigma\)-compact metric space \(Y\), \(X\) has strong measure zero iff whenever the unordered pairs from an \(\omega\)-cover \({\mathcal U}\) of \(Y\) are colored by finitely many colors, then there is \({\mathcal V} \subseteq {\mathcal U}\) homogeneous in one color and covering \(X\). Similarly, all finite powers of \(X\) have strong measure zero iff the \({\mathcal V}\) of the previous result additionally is an \(\omega\)-cover of \(X\). These Ramsey-theoretic characterizations are proved using game-theoretic arguments and selection principles.

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