Forcing disabled
It is a familiar phenomenon that a fixed forcing property may be cardinal-preserving over one model of set theory, but not over a larger one. For example, in a cardinal-preserving extension of \(L\) satisfying Martin's axiom \(+ \neg\text{CH}\), constructible Souslin trees become special Aronszajn trees. In the terminology of this paper, such a forcing property is said to be disabled. This paper proves two main theorems. The first is that if \(0^ \#\) exists, then any constructible forcing property that adds no reals over \(L\) collapses some uncountable \(L\)-cardinal to cardinality \(\omega\) over \(V\). This improves a theorem of \textit{M. Foreman}, \textit{M. Magidor} and \textit{S. Shelah} [J. Symb. Logic 51, 39-46 (1986; Zbl 0617.03028)] to the effect that if \(0^ \#\) exists, then any constructible forcing property either adds a real or collapses a cardinal over \(V\). The paper's second theorem approximates this phenomenon generically. If \(\mathbb{P}\) is a partial ordering, say that \(\mathbb{P}\) is uniform if there exists a fixed cardinal \(\beta\) such that \(\beta\) is the least ordinal acquiring a new subset in every \(\mathbb{P}\) generic extension. In this case, let \(o(\mathbb{P})\) denote this cardinal \(\beta\). (Of course the value of \(o(\mathbb{P})\) is sensitive to the ground model.) Working in a ground model \({\mathcal M}\) satisfying the GCH and having no inner models with measurable cardinals, suppose that \(\mu<\kappa\) are infinite regular cardinals and that \(\kappa\) is weakly compact. A generic extension is found in which \(\mu^ +=\kappa\) and every uniform ground model forcing property \(\mathbb{P}\) with \(o^{\mathcal M}(\mathbb{P})=\kappa\) is disabled. Specifically, forcing with \(\mathbb{P}\) over the extension collapses \(\kappa\). Starting with such a ground model \({\mathcal M}\) in which there exists a proper class of weakly compact cardinals, it is possible to find a generic extension \({\mathcal N}\) that disables every uniform \(\mathbb{P}\in{\mathcal M}\) such that \(| o^{\mathcal M}(\mathbb{P})|^{\mathcal N}\) is not the successor of a singular cardinal in \({\mathcal N}\). This is the second main theorem of the paper. A question remaining is whether in the absence of \(0^ \#\) it is possible to generically disable forcing properties \(\mathbb{P}\) such that \(o(\mathbb{P})\) is the successor cardinal. If it is, then it would be possible to generically duplicate the consequence of \(0^ \#\) demonstrated in this paper's first main theorem. On the other hand, if, for example, rendering the constructible Cohen conditions on a regular cardinal \(\kappa>\omega_ 1\) not \(< \kappa\)-distributive requires that \(\kappa\) be weakly compact in \(L\), then in virtue of a theorem of John Steel, the constructible reals do not form an uncountable \(\Sigma^ 1_ 1\) set in any model in which there exists a non-constructible real.
- Sacks forcing, Laver forcing, and Martin's axiom
- Embeddings of Cohen algebras
- A non-generic real incompatible with \(0^\sharp\)
- Shelah's strong covering property and CH in \(V[r]\)
- Constructibility and class forcing
- Properties of subtle cardinals
- Backwards easton forcing and 0#
- 0# and some forcing principles
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