Forecasting Economic Time Series

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This book on forecasting economic time series covers in a comprehensive way all relevant topics on forecasting in the economic profession. Its objective is to provide a formal analysis of the models, procedures and measures of economic forecasting with a view to improving forecasting practice. The book focuses on forecasting when the underlying process can be described by a stationary representation. The autors start with a brief overview on the history of economic forecasting as well as with alternative forecasting methods such as guessing, extrapolation and surveys. Contrary to most books on forecasting they do not start with presenting the different techniques but they give first principles by defining the basic concepts of unpredictability and forecastability. In addition, they address the notion of loss functions and optimal predictors. This chapter also deals with the role of causal information in forecasting under a variety of assumptions on the relationships between the processes that generated the observed data. Evaluating forecast accuracy is the main objective of the third chapter. Besides of unbiasedness and an efficient use of information the authors stress the importance of alternative evaluations based on a comparison of individual-model forecasts with outcomes. The next four chapters are concerned with forecasting beginning with univariate processes, Monte Carlo techniques, forecasting in cointegrated systems as well as forecasting in large-scale macroeconometric models. A theory of intercept corrections which is beyond mechanistic forecasts is given in chapter eight. From a user's point of view it might be preferable to combine various forecasts. How to proceed in such cases is extensively discussed in the following chapter. The main topic here relates to forecast encompassing. The goal is a model which encompasses its competitors by forecasting the process better than its rivals. Therefore, a test for forecast encompassing is the same as that for whether there is any benefit to combination. Especially when models do not draw on a common information pool, the case for combination might be more persuasive. The final chapters deal with the problem of parsimony in modeling the underlying process as well as with procedures which allow tests for forecast accuracy. The latter include testing for predictive failure as well as tests of comparative forecast accuracy, using encompassing tests or alternatively variance-based tests. For all important topics addressed in the book the authors provide empirical examples which are discussed at some length. Readers should have a sound background in econometrics if they are not only interested in the applications of the different estimation techniques and tests, but also in their statistical properties. The content of the book is up to date and represents our present knowledge about forecasting in economics. The user of the techniques will be on a save ground when forecasting time series and evaluating alternative forecasts. For this reason the book is highly recommended to all applied econometricians as well as time series analysts.




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