Fragmentability and Sigma-Fragmentability of Banach Spaces

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Let \(X\) be a Banach space. The following properties are shown to be equivalent: (a) \((X, \text{weak})\) is fragmentable by a metric \(d\) that majorizes the norm topology, i.e., the topology generated by \(d\) contains the norm topology, (b) \((X, weak)\) is fragmentable by a metric \(d\) that majorizes the weak topology, and (c) \((X, \text{weak})\) is sigma-fragmentable by the norm. A game theoretic characterization is given of these equivalent properties and it is used to show that a large class of Banach spaces (including the spaces that are Čech-analytic in their weak topology) have the properties (a)--(c). In particular, if the unit ball \(B\) of \(X\) is a Borel subset of the second dual ball \((B^{**}, \text{weak}^*)\), then \(X\) possesses the properties (a)--(c). This provides an alternative approach to the proofs of the results of \textit{J. E. Jayne, I. Namioka} and \textit{C. A. Rogers} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., III. Ser. 66, No. 3, 651-672 (1993; Zbl 0793.54026)] on sigma-fragmentability of Banach spaces. It is also proved that \(C(T)\), with the topology \(p\) of pointwise convergence, is sigma-fragmentable by the norm whenever \(T = \cup \{T_I : I \geq 1\}\) and \((C(T_I), p)\), \(I \geq 1\), is sigma-fragmentable by the norm. This answers a question of \textit{R. Haydon} [Mathematika, 41, No. 1, 141-144 (1994; Zbl 0812.54025)]. Finally, a simple proof is given that \(\ell^\infty\) does not have any of the properties (a)--(c), and that \((\ell^\infty(\Gamma), \text{weak})\) is not sigma-fragmentable by any metric, provided that the cardinality of \(\Gamma\) is bigger than the continuum.




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