Frame vector group representations and amenability properties
The paper studies unitary representations of countable discrete groups on Hilbert spaces, focusing on orbits of a vector that form a frame, that is, a total family with two-sided norm bounds. The main theme is the relation between such representations, almost invariant vectors and amenability.\N\NOne of the main results gives a characterization of amenability in these terms. It shows that a countable discrete group is amenable if and only if it admits a unitary representation \(\pi\) such that \(1_G \prec \pi\) and there exists a vector whose orbit \(\{\pi_gv\}_{g\in G}\) is, according to the formulation, an orthonormal basis, a Parseval frame, a frame, or a weak frame. The proof uses the analysis operator associated with the orbit and its relation with the left regular representation.\N\NThe paper also introduces a weaker notion, called framenability, obtained by relaxing the frame condition while still requiring almost invariant vectors. This defines a large class of groups, distinct from groups with property \((T)\) and the authors prove some permanence properties, including ascent from finite-index subgroups. Further results treat the abelian case, where the problem simplifies and can be analyzed via spectral methods and discuss amenable groups with infinite conjugacy classes.
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