Free subgroups of 3-manifold groups

DOI10.4171/GGD/542MaRDI QIDQ2180202zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Mikhail Belolipetsky, Cayo Dória

Publication date 13 May 2020

Published in Groups, Geometry, and Dynamics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.05868

zbMATH Keywords

3-manifold groupfree rank of a groupfree subgroupsystole of a hyperbolic 3-manifold

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Global geometric and topological methods (à la Gromov); differential geometric analysis on metric spaces (53C23) General geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds (57M50)

Abstract: We show that any closed hyperbolic $3$-manifold $M$ has a co-final tower of covers $M_{i}oM$ of degrees $n_i$ such that any subgroup of $p{i}_1(M_i)$ generated by $k_i$ elements is free, where $k_{i}ge{n}_i^C$ and $C=C(M)>0$. Together with this result we show that $log{k}_{i}geq{C}_{1}sy{s}_1(M_i)$, where $sy{s}_1(M_i)$ denotes the systole of $M_i$, thus providing a large set of new examples for a conjecture of Gromov. In the second theorem $C_1>0$ is an absolute constant. We also consider a generalization of these results to non-compact finite volume hyperbolic $3$-manifolds.

Review text

The authors call a group \(\Gamma\) \(k\)-\textit{free} if every subgroup generated by \(k\) elements is free; they denote by \(\mathcal{N}_{fr}(\Gamma)\) the maximal \(k\) for which the group is \(k\)-free, and call it the \textit{free rank} of \(\Gamma\) (for example, the free rank of the fundamental group of a closed surface of genus \(g\) is \(2g-1\)). Their main results are then as follows. Given a closed hyperbolic 3-orbifold \(M\), there exists a co-final tower of regular finite-sheeted covers \(M_i \to M\) such that \(\mathcal{N}_{fr}(\pi_1(M_i)) \ge\mathrm{vol}(M_i)^C\), for a constant \(C > 0\) depending only on \(M\). The authors ask whether there exists also a universal such constant \(C\), i.e. a constant which does not depend on the manifold \(M\) (this is indeed the case for arithmetic 3-manifolds, see a paper by \textit{M. Belolipetsky} [Geom. Funct. Anal. 23, No. 3, 813--827 (2013; Zbl 1275.57025)]). Furthermore, any closed hyperbolic 3-orbifold admits a sequence of regular manifold covers \(M_i \to M\) such that \(\mathcal{N}_{fr}(\pi_1(M_i)) \ge (1 + \epsilon)^{\mathrm{sys}_1(M_i)}\) where \(\mathrm{sys}_1(M_i)\) is the length of a shortest closed geodesic in \(M_i\) and \(\epsilon > 0\) is a universal constant now (i.e., does not depend on \(M\)); the same is then shown also for finite volume 3-orbifolds, with an appropriate modification of the free rank \(\mathcal{N}_{fr}(\pi_1(M_i))\) (since the groups may contain copies of \(\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}\) now, the authors call a group \(k\)-\textit{semifree} if every subgroup generated by \(k\) elements is a free product of free abelian groups). Such a bound for hyperbolic groups in general was conjectured by \textit{M. Gromov} [Geom. Funct. Anal. 19, No. 3, 743--841 (2009; Zbl 1195.58010)].

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Cited in

(16)

• Three-manifold subgroup growth, homology of coverings and simplicial volume
• Classes of separable two-generator free subgroups of 3-manifold groups
• Undecidability of the freedom problem for 3-manifold groups.
• A sharper Tits alternative for 3-manifold groups
• Rational subgroups cubed 3-manifold groups
• Fixed subgroups of 3-manifold group automorphisms
• Hyperbolic 3-manifolds with \(k\)-free fundamental group
• Explicit rank bounds for cyclic covers
• Covering Spaces of Arithmetic 3-Orbifolds
• New lower bounds on subgroup growth and homology growth
• On the Mal'cev quotients of certain hyperbolic link groups
• Growth Rates, ℤ p -Homology, and Volumes of Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds
• The geometry of \(k\)-free hyperbolic 3-manifolds
• Subgroups of bounded rank in hyperbolic 3-manifold groups
• Nonuniform lattices of large systole containing a fixed 3-manifold group
• Covering spaces of 3-orbifolds

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