Function spaces with extremal properties

Banach lattices (46B42) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30)

Review text

One of the main tools in the study of rearrangement invariant Banach function spaces is the so-called fundamental function. Given a rearrangement invariant Banach function space \(E\) -- also called symmetric Banach function space --, the notion of the fundamental function can be defined as follows. If \(e\) is a measurable subset of \([0,\infty]\), \(\varphi_E(t)\) for \(t \in [0,\infty)\) is defined as \[ \varphi_E(t)=\| k_e\|_E, \quad t= \mathrm{measure}(e), \] where \(k_e\) is the characteristic function of \(e\). In this paper, it is shown that for a particular set of easy fundamental functions, the value of \(\varphi_E\) determines the space \(E\), giving a complete characterization for the cases \(\varphi_1(t)=t\), \(\varphi_2(t)=\mathrm{sgn}(t)\), \(\varphi_3(t)=\max\{t, \mathrm{sgn}(t)\}\) and \(\varphi_4(t):=\min\{t,1\}\). Let \(E_a\) be the closure of the bounded compactly supported functions in \(E\). Concretely, Theorem 1 states (isometrically) that (i) if \(\varphi_E=\varphi_1\), then \(E=L_1\), (ii) if \(\varphi_E=\varphi_2\), then \(E=L_1\) or \(E=(L_\infty)_a\), (iii) if \(\varphi_E=\varphi_3\), then \(E=L_1 \cap L_\infty\), and (iv) if \(\varphi_E=\varphi_4\), then \(E=L_1+L_\infty\) or \(E=(L_1 \cap L_\infty)_a\). Theorem 2 gives a more abstract version of such a result. Let \(\mathcal R\) be the class of symmetric spaces which can be represented as \(E=E_1 \cap E_2\), where \(E_1\) and \(E_2\) are symmetric spaces and \(E \subsetneqq E_1, E_2\), and \(\mathcal M\) the set of symmetric spaces which can be represented in the form \(E=E_1 + E_2\), where \(E_1\) and \(E_2\) are symmetric spaces and \(E_1, E_2 \subsetneqq E\). Theorem 2 states that for a symmetric space \(E\) different from \(L_1,L_\infty, (L_\infty)_a, L_1 \cap L_\infty, L_1 + L_\infty\), and \((L_1 + L_\infty)_a\) we have that \(E \in \mathcal R \cap \mathcal M\), i.e., there exist symmetric spaces \(E_1,E_2,E_3\) and \(E_4\) such that \(E= E_1 \cap E_2=E_3 + E_4\), where \(E \subsetneqq E_1, E_2\) and \(E_3, E_4 \subsetneqq E\). More results are given for the particular cases of \(E\) being reflexive or uniformly convex (Theorem 3), or when \(E\) has a symmetric basis and is different from \(\ell_1, \ell_\infty\) and \(c_0\) (Theorem 4). No proofs are given.

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