Functional equations generating space-densifying curves

DOI10.1016/S0898-1221(00)00085-7MaRDI QIDQ1569983zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors G. Mora, Yves Cherruault, Abdelkader Ziadi

Publication date 20 September 2000

Published in Computers & Mathematics with Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/s0898-1221(00)00085-7

zbMATH Keywords

additive functionscontinuous solutionsfunctional equationsHamel basesnoncontinuous solutionsspace densifyingspace-filling curves

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continuity and related questions (modulus of continuity, semicontinuity, discontinuities, etc.) for real functions in one variable (26A15) Singular functions, Cantor functions, functions with other special properties (26A30) Functional equations for real functions (39B22) Functional equations for complex functions (39B32) Functional equations for functions with more general domains and/or ranges (39B52)

Review text

The first part of the paper offers the result that there are infinitely many linearly independent continuous solutions of the functional equation (1) \( f(x)=-f(2x)\) for \(x\) in \([0,1]\) or in \(\mathbb{R}\) or in \(\mathbb{C}\), with values in \(\mathbb{R}\) or in \(\mathbb{C}\) or in a subset of a metric space, the graphs of which are \(\alpha\)-dense there. In Example 1 it is verified that a class of functions satisfies (1) and the conclusion is drawn that ``therefore, this class is equivalent to the set of solutions to functional equation (1). The general continuous solution to this functional equation can clearly be chosen arbitrarily on \(]1/2,1]\) or \([-1,-1/2[ \cup ]1/2,1]\) or on \(\{z |1/2<|z|\leq 1\}\), respectively, as long as it is continuous there and \(\lim_{x\to 1/2} f(x)= - f(1)\) for the first domain, with the additional condition \(\lim_{x\to -1/2} f(x)=-f(-1)\) for the second and with \(\lim_{r\to 1/2} f(r e^{it})=-f(e^{it})\) for the third domain, further \(f(0)=0\), and then \(f\) can be extended to its whole domain by equation (1) itself. Similar remarks apply to the functional equation \(f(x)=-f(cx)\), also mentioned in the paper. The second part of the paper contains similar statements about the functional equation \(f(x)+f(2x)+f(3x)=0\), to which also noncontinuous solutions are offered.

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Cites work

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