Fundamental groups of low-dimensional lc singularities

MaRDI QIDQ6427360zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Fernando Figueroa, Joaquín Moraga

Publication date 23 February 2023

Abstract: In this article, we study the fundamental groups of low-dimensional log canonical singularities, i.e., log canonical singularities of dimension at most $4$. In dimension $2$, we show that the fundamental group of an lc singularity is a finite extension of a solvable group of length at most $2$. In dimension $3$, we show that every surface group appears as the fundamental group of a $3$-fold log canonical singularity. In contrast, we show that for $rgeq2$ the free group $F_r$ is not the fundamental group of a $3$-dimensional lc singularity. In dimension $4$, we show that the fundamental group of any $3$-manifold smoothly embedded in $mathbb{R}^4$ is the fundamental group of an lc singularity. In particular, every free group is the fundamental group of a log canonical singularity of dimension $4$. In order to prove the existence results, we introduce and study a special kind of polyhedral complexes: the smooth polyhedral complexes. We prove that the fundamental group of a smooth polyhedral complex of dimension $n$ appears as the fundamental group of a log canonical singularity of dimension $n+1$. Given a $3$-manifold $M$ smoothly embedded in $mathbb{R}^4$, we show the existence of a smooth polyhedral complex of dimension $3$ that is homotopic to $M$. To do so, we start from a complex homotopic to $M$ and perform combinatorial modifications that mimic the resolution of singularities in algebraic geometry.

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