Fusion rules and shrinking rules of topological orders in five dimensions

DOI10.1007/JHEP11(2023)210MaRDI QIDQ6183557zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Yizhou Huang, Zhifeng Zhang, Peng Ye

Publication date 26 January 2024

Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.14611

zbMATH Keywords

anyonsgauge symmetrytopological states of matter

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum theory (81-XX)

Abstract: As a series of work about 5D (spacetime) topological orders, here we employ the path-integral formalism of 5D topological quantum field theory (TQFT) established in Zhang and Ye, JHEP 04 (2022) 138 to explore non-Abelian fusion rules, hierarchical shrinking rules and quantum dimensions of particle-like, loop-like and membrane-like topological excitations in 5D topological orders. To illustrate, we focus on a prototypical example of twisted $BF$ theories that comprise the twisted topological terms of the $BBA$ type. First, we classify topological excitations by establishing equivalence classes among all gauge-invariant Wilson operators. Then, we compute fusion rules from the path-integral and find that fusion rules may be of non-Abelian nature, i.e., the fusion outcome can be a direct sum of distinct excitations. We further compute shrinking rules. Especially, we discover exotic hierarchical structures hidden in shrinking processes of 5D or higher: a membrane is shrunk into particles and loops, and the loops are subsequently shrunk into a direct sum of particles. We obtain the algebraic structure of shrinking coefficients and fusion coefficients. We compute the quantum dimensions of all excitations and find that sphere-like membranes and torus-like membranes differ not only by their shapes but also by their quantum dimensions. We further study the algebraic structure that determines anomaly-free conditions on fusion coefficients and shrinking coefficients. Besides $BBA$, we explore general properties of all twisted terms in $5$D. Together with braiding statistics reported before, the theoretical progress here paves the way toward characterizing and classifying topological orders in higher dimensions where topological excitations consist of both particles and spatially extended objects.

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Cited in

(2)

• Diagrammatics, pentagon equations, and hexagon equations of topological orders with loop- and membrane-like excitations
• Pauli stabilizer formalism for topological quantum field theories and generalized statistics

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