Galois-theoretical groups
A group \(G\) is called Galois-theoretical if \(C_ G(C_ A(H)) = H\) for every subgroup \(H\) of \(G\) and \(C_ A(C_ G(B)) = B\) for every subgroup \(B\) of \(A = \text{Aut}(G)\). The paper classifies the Galois-theoretical groups: they are isomorphic to either 1, \(Z_ 3\) or \(S_ 3\). The condition in the definition implies that the lattices of subgroups of \(G\) and \(\text{Aut}(G)\) are dual and this, together with some results of \textit{R. A. Calcaterra} [Arch. Math. 49, 465-469 (1987; Zbl 0648.20035)] implies that a Galois-theoretical group must be finite, with heavy restrictions on the order of the group and its automorphism group. But a first reduction is made using \textit{G. Zacher's} results on solvable groups with duals [Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova 31, 104-113 and 412-422 (1961; Zbl 0113.253 and Zbl 0267.20031)]. Finally, using the fact that actually a nontrivial Galois-theoretical group must be a \(P\)-group, the author is able to prove that the order of such group is either 3 or 6.
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