Generalised flatness constants: a framework applied in dimension 2
Inequalities and extremum problems involving convexity in convex geometry (52A40) Lattice polytopes in convex geometry (including relations with commutative algebra and algebraic geometry) (52B20) Lattices and convex bodies in (2) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C05) Lattices and convex bodies in (n) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C07)
Let \(\mathcal K^d\) be the family of all convex bodies in \(\mathbb R^d\). The width of \(K \in \mathcal K^d\) with respect to \(u \in \mathbb Z^d\) is \(\mbox{width}_u(K)=\max_{x,y \in K} |\langle x-y,u\rangle|\), where \(\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle\) is the standard inner product. Then the lattice width of \(K\) is \(\mbox{width}(K)=\min_{u \in \mathbb Z^d \setminus \{{\mathbf 0}\}} \mbox{width}_u(K)\), and the classical flatness constant is \(\mbox{Flt}_d=\sup\{\mbox{width}(K): K \in \mathcal K^d, \mbox{int}(K) \cap \mathbb Z^d = \emptyset\}\).\N\NLet \(A \in \{\mathbb Z, \mathbb R\}\). An \(A\)-unimodular transformation is a bijection \(T: \mathbb R^d \to \mathbb R^d\) such that \(T(x)=Mx+b\) with a matrix \(M \in \mathbb Z^{d \times d}\) of determinant \(\det(M)=\pm 1\) and a vector \(b \in A^d\). For a given set \(X \subseteq \mathbb R^d\), a body \(K \in \mathcal K^d\) is called \(A\)-\(X\)-free if the relative interior of \(A\) does not contain an image of \(X\) under an \(A\)-unimodular transformation. Now let \(\mbox{Flt}_d^A(X)=\sup\{\mbox{width}(K): K \in \mathcal{K}^d, K \mbox{ is } A\mbox{-}X\mbox{-free}\}\), see [\textit{G. Averkov} et al., Manuscr. Math. 170, No. 1--2, 147--165 (2023; Zbl 1508.52006)]. These flatness constants generalise \(\mbox{Flt}_d=\mbox{Flt}_d^{\mathbb Z}(\{\mathbf 0\})\).\N\NThe main new results are \(\mbox{Flt}_2^{\mathbb R}(\Delta_2)=2\) and \(\mbox{Flt}_2^{\mathbb Z}(\Delta_2)=\frac{10}{3}\) for the simplex \(\Delta_2=\mbox{conv}\{{\mathbf 0}, \genfrac{(}{)}{0pt}{1}{1}{0}, \genfrac{(}{)}{0pt}{1}{0}{1}\}\), based on a reduction to optimisation on polytopes.\N\NFor the entire collection see [Zbl 1560.05005].
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