Generalization of a theorem of Landau
A well known theorem of Landau asserts that \[ \varliminf_{n\to\infty} \frac{\varphi(n) \log \log n}{n} = e^{-\gamma} \] where \(\gamma = \) Euler's constant. In this paper a generalization is obtained by focusing on \[ G(k) = \varliminf_{n\to\infty} (\log\log n)^{1/n} \max \left(\frac{\varphi(n+1)}{n+1}, \ldots, \frac{\varphi(n+k)}{n+k}\right). \] Clearly, the assertion \(G(1) = e^{-\gamma}\) is precisely Landau's theorem. It is proved that \[ G(k) = e^{-\gamma/k} \prod_{p<k} (1-\tfrac1p)^{-1/k} Y(k) \] where \[ Y(k) = \prod_{\substack{p\mid k \\ p<k}} (1-\tfrac1p)^{1/p} \prod_{\substack{p\nmid k \\ p<k}} (1-\tfrac1p)^{(1/k)[k/p]+1/k}. \] The function \(Y(k)\) satisfies \(0< Y(k)\le 1\) and it is easily seen that \[ \lim_{k\to\infty} = \prod_p (1 - \tfrac1p)^{1/p}. \]
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