Generalization of a theorem of Steinhaus

DOI10.4064/CM92-2-9MaRDI QIDQ4531926zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors

Publication date 26 May 2002

Published in Colloquium Mathematicum (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.4064/cm92-2-9

zbMATH Keywords

fractional partsnumber of primitive spacingsthree gap theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Density, gaps, topology (11B05) General theory of distribution modulo (1) (11K06)

Review text

The three gap theorem says that the fractional parts \(\{ n\alpha\}\), \(0\leq n \leq N\), partition the unit interval into \(N+1\) intervals which have at most \(3\) different lengths. In addition, if there are \(3\) different lengths then one of them equals the sum of the other two. In other words, there are at most two primitive lengths. The main result of this paper provides a proper generalization of this theorem. Let \(\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_k\) be \(k\) real numbers. Then the number of primitive spacings of the fractional parts \(\{ n_1\alpha_1 + \cdots + n_k\alpha_k\}\), \(0\leq n_j\leq N_j\) (\(1\leq j\leq k\)), is at most \(2^k\). (This is interesting since the total number of different spacings can be unbounded for \(k>1\).) The proof if short, elegant, and elementary. It is also shown that the bound \(2^k\) is optimal for \(k=2\) and \(k=3\).

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