Generalized flow-box property for singular foliations

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Abstract: We introduce a notion of generalized Flow-Box property valid for general singular distributions and sub-varieties (based on a dynamical interpretation). Just as in the usual Flow-Box Theorem, we characterize geometrical and algebraic conditions of (quasi) transversality in order for an analytic sub-variety X (not necessarily regular) to be a section of a line foliation. We also discuss the case of more general foliations. This study is originally motivated by a question of Jean-Francois Mattei (concerning the strengthening of a Theorem of Mattei) about the existence of local slices for a (non-compact) Lie group action.


The flow-box or straightening theorem, in the form relevant here, states that a vector field \(\partial\) on a manifold \(M\), transverse to an analytic subvariety \(X\), is locally given by \(\partial_x\), where \(x\) is a local coordinate vanishing on \(X\). If \(X\) is smooth of codimension one, the transversality is equivalent to saying that \(\varphi_p(t)\not\in X\) for small \(t\) and \(p\) in a compact set \(K\subset X\), where \(\varphi_p(0)=p\) and \(p\in K\setminus\mathrm{Sing}\partial\). However, this is not the same as \(X\setminus\mathrm{Sing}\partial\) being transverse, even for \(X\) smooth, as the authors show. Instead an extra condition is needed: \(\partial^2\mathcal{I}_X\subset \partial\mathcal{I}_X+\mathcal{I}_X\). The major task of the paper is to generalise all of this to foliations. The link between flow-box and transversality is just the Frobenius theorem, but to define the appropriate properties and establish the relations among them in the case of singular foliations is more difficult, and requires a detour into sub-Riemannian metrics. The study is motivated by a question of \textit{J. F. Mattei} [Invent. Math. 103, No. 2, 297--325 (1991; Zbl 0709.32025)], about regularising the action of a Lie group: the need for the extra condition shows that the Lie algebra version is false in general and that Mattei's question is thus global in nature.











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