Generating all time-changes preserving dynamical zeta functions
In this paper, the authors construct a topologically generating set for the monoid of time-change maps that preserve the space of dynamical zeta functions. The paper proves that two elementary families of time-change maps \( g_{p,t},\; h_{p,t} \, (p\ \text{prime},\ t\ge 0)\) generate a submonoid that is dense (for pointwise convergence on \(\mathbb{N}\)) in the full monoid \(P\) of all time changes preserving dynamical zeta functions.\N\NFor a dynamical system \(T:X\to X\), the dynamical zeta function is defined via periodic point counts:\N\[\N\zeta_T(z)=\exp\!\left(\sum_{n\ge 1}\frac{\mathrm{Fix}_n(T)}{n}\,z^n\right).\N\]\NA time-change is a function \(h:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}\) that reindexes these counts, producing\N\[\N(h*\zeta_T)(z)=\exp\!\left(\sum_{n\ge 1}\frac{\mathrm{Fix}_{h(n)}(T)}{n}\,z^n\right),\N\]\Nand \(\mathscr{P}\) is the monoid of those \(h\) for which \((h*\zeta_T)\) is again a dynamical zeta function for every \(T\). They define \(\mathscr{P}(X,T)=\{\,h:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}\mid h*\zeta_T \in \mathcal{Z}\,\}. \) Let\N\[\N\mathscr{P} := \bigcap_{\{(X,T)\}} P(X,T).\N\]\NThe authors exhibit two families of maps \(\{g_{p,t}\}\) and \(\{h_{p,t}\}\), indexed by primes \(p\) and integers \(t\ge 0\), whose compositions generate a dense submonoid of \(\mathscr{P}\) in its natural topology. They prove that the submonoid \(\mathscr{P}^{'}\) generated by the maps \(g_{p,t}\) and \(h_{p,t}\), for \(p\in\mathbb{P}\) and \(t\ge 0\), is dense in \(\mathscr{P}\).
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