Generic global diffusion for analytic a priori unstable systems
The authors consider the Hamiltonian defined by \[H=\frac{1}{2} p^2 + V(q) + G(I) + \epsilon h(p,q,I, \varphi, t),\] where \(h\) is a generic Mañé analytic function. It is assumed that \(p, I , t \in \mathbb{R}\), and \(q, \varphi \in \mathbb{T}\). This is generally an a priori unstable Hamiltonian. The main result is that if \(\epsilon\) is small enough, then there is an orbit for which the momentum \(I\) changes by any arbitrarily assigned value. The authors call the phenomenon they're discussing global diffusion because the size of the change in \(I\) is independent of both \(\epsilon\) and \(h\).\N\NFor purposes of clarity and simplicity of presentation, the authors restrict their analysis to the one-dimensional case, considering what they call the ``pendulum variables \(p\) and \(q\) and the ``rotor action-angle variables \(I\) and \(\varphi\).\NThe proof is based on constructive geometric methods and explicitly relies on the assumption that the pendulum and rotor variables are uncoupled.\N\NRelevant related and background work appears in [\textit{Q. Chen} and \textit{R. de la Llave}, Nonlinearity 35, No. 4, 1986--2019 (2022; Zbl 1501.37063)].
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