Geometric invariants of representations of finite groups

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2020.107295MaRDI QIDQ783209zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 11 August 2020

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06733

finite group Frobenius kernel linear algebraic group rational module universal p-nilpotent operator vector bundles associated to modular representations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Group schemes (14L15) Modular representations and characters (20C20) Representations of finite groups of Lie type (20C33) Cohomology of groups (20J06)

Abstract: J. Pevtsova and the author constructed a ``universal

p

-nilpotent operator" for an infinitesimal group scheme

G

over a field

k

of characteristic

p > 0

which led to coherent sheaves on the scheme of 1-parameter subgroups of

G

associated to a

G

-module

M

. Of special interest is the fact that these coherent sheaves are vector bundles if

M

is of constant Jordan type. In this paper, we provide similar invariants for a finite group

a u

which recover the invariants earlier obtained for elementary abelian

p

-groups. To do this, we replace the analogue of 1-parameter subgroups by a refined version of equivalence classes of

p i

-points for

k a u

. More generally, we provide a construction of vector bundles for the semi-direct product

G t i m e s a u

of an infinitesimal group scheme

G

and a finite group

a u

. A major motivation for this study is to further our understanding of the relationship between representations of

m a t h b b G (m a t h b b F_{p})

and

m a t h b b G_{(r)}

associated to a finite dimensional rational

m a t h b b G

-module

M

, where

m a t h b b G

is a reductive group with

r

-th Fobenius kernel

m a t h b b G_{(r)}

. Using vector bundles, we extend and sharpen earlier results comparing support varieties.

Review text

In this paper, the author gives geometric constructions associated to suitable representations of a finite group \(\tau\), working over a field \(k\) of characteristic \(p\). These are compared with analogous constructions for infinitesimal group schemes (see [\textit{E. M. Friedlander} and \textit{J. Pevtsova}, Duke Math. J. 139, No. 2, 317--368 (2007; Zbl 1128.20031)], for example): for \(\mathbb{G}\) a linear algebraic group, he compares the constructions for the finite group \(\tau = \mathbb{G} (\mathbb{F}_p)\) and for the \(r\)th Frobenius kernel \(\mathbb{G}_{(r)}\). The author's basic ingredient is the universal \(p\)-nilpotent operation \(\Theta_E \in S^\bullet (J_E^*) \otimes kE\), where \(kE\) is the group ring of the elementary abelian \(p\)-group \(E\) and \(S^\bullet (J_E^*)\) the symmetric algebra on the dual of the radical \(J_E \subset kE\). By naturality, for \(\tau\) a finite group, this gives \[ \Theta_\tau \in A_\tau \otimes k \tau \] by passing to the inverse limit over the poset \(\mathcal{E}(\tau)\) of sub elementary abelian \(p\)-groups of \(\tau\), with \(A_\tau := \lim_{\leftarrow, E\in \mathcal{E}(\tau)} S^\bullet (J_E^*)\). For \(M\) a finite-dimensional \(\tau\)-module, \(\Theta_\tau\) induces \(\Theta_{\tau,M} \in \mathrm{End} (A _\tau \otimes M)\); this is \(p\)-nilpotent. The author defines \(X_\tau\) to be \(\mathrm{Spec} (A_\tau)\) and, likewise, the closed subscheme \(X_\tau^{(2)}\) built using the algebras \(S^\bullet ((J_E^2)^*)\). The scheme \(Y_\tau\) is built using the algebras \(S^\bullet ((J_E/J_E^2)^*)\), so that there is a \(\tau\)-equivariant map \(X_\tau \rightarrow Y_\tau\) and a \(p\)-isogeny \textit{à la Quillen} \[ (Y_\tau) /\tau \rightarrow \mathrm{Spec} (H^\bullet (\tau ; k)). \] The author proves that, for \(M\) a finite-dimensional \(\tau\)-module of constant \(j\)-rank, the modules \(\ker (\Theta_{\tau, M}^j )\), for \(1 \leq j <p\), define \(\tau\)-equivariant vector bundles on \(X_\tau \backslash X_\tau^{(2)}\) (likewise for the image and cokernel of \(\Theta_{\tau, M}^j \)). There are projective versions of these results, replacing \(\mathrm{Spec} (H^\bullet (\tau ; k))\) by \(\mathrm{Proj} (H^\bullet (\tau ; k))\) etc. and considering \(\mathbb{P}\Theta_{\tau, M}\). For comparison with the cases arising from the linear algebraic group \(\mathbb{G}\), the author builds on work of [\textit{P. Sobaje}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 219, No. 6, 2206--2217 (2015; Zbl 1360.20045)] and others providing good exponential maps. For \(\mathbb{G}\) of good exponential type, he exhibits a \(\mathbb{G}(\mathbb{F}_p)\)-equivariant isomorphism \(\mathcal{L} : Y_{\mathbb{G}(\mathbb{F}_p)} \rightarrow Y_\mathfrak{g}\), where \(Y_\mathfrak{g}\) is the variety associated to the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\) of \(\mathbb{G}\), and hence the equivariant map \( \mathcal{L}_{(r)} : Y_{\mathbb{G}(\mathbb{F}_p)} \rightarrow V_r (\mathbb{G})\) corresponding to the \(r\)th Frobenius kernel \(\mathbb{G}(r)\). For \(M\) a finite-dimensional rational \(\mathbb{G}\)-module of exponential degree \(< p^r\), the author uses \( \mathcal{L}_{(r)}\) to compare the vector bundles associated to \(\mathbb{G}(\mathbb{F}_p)\) and \(\mathbb{G}(r)\) respectively. He shows that they give the same class in Weibel's homotopy-invariant \(K\)-theory by relating the vector bundles by an \(\mathbb{A}^1\)-homotopy. The author concludes by extending the constructions to the case of group schemes of the form \(G \rtimes \tau\), where \(G\) is an infinitesimal group scheme and \(\tau\) a finite group.

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