Global uniqueness theorems for linear and nonlinear waves

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2015.08.012MaRDI QIDQ746916zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Arick Shao, Spyros Alexakis

Publication date 21 October 2015

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.1537

zbMATH Keywords

Carleman-type estimatesexterior domain of a light coneKlein-Gordon equationnonlinear wavesradiation fieldsubconformal focusing-type equationssuperconformal defocusing type equationsunique continuationwave equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Continuation and prolongation of solutions to PDEs (35B60) Wave equation (35L05) Waves and radiation in optics and electromagnetic theory (78A40)

Abstract: We prove a unique continuation from infinity theorem for regular waves of the form $[Box+mathcalV(t,x)]phi=0$. Under the assumption of no incoming and no outgoing radiation on specific halves of past and future null infinities, we show that the solution must vanish everywhere. The "no radiation" assumption is captured in a specific, finite rate of decay which in general depends on the $L^{i}nfty$-profile of the potential $mathcalV$. We show that the result is optimal in many regards. These results are then extended to certain power-law type nonlinear wave equations, where the order of decay one must assume is independent of the size of the nonlinear term. These results are obtained using a new family of global Carleman-type estimates on the exterior of a null cone. A companion paper to this one explores further applications of these new estimates to such nonlinear waves.

Review text

For general self-adjoint linear wave equations and some nonlinear wave equations, certain global unique continuation results are presented. The analysis is performed in the exterior domain of a light cone. For a linear wave equation, in case the potential \(\nu\) -- the coefficient of the unknown function in the equation -- decays and satisfies some suitable bounds, one shows that if the solution decays, in the considered domain, toward null infinity faster than generic solutions of the free wave equation, then this solution must vanish everywhere in the domain. The same result is obtained if the potential satisfies a certain monotonicity property and the solution is assumed to satisfy a specific decay condition. This result can be applied, for instance, to the Klein-Gordon equation. These results have been applied to some classes of nonlinear wave equations, the subconformal focusing-type equations as well as to the conformal and superconformal defocusing type equations. In the proofs, Carleman-type estimates are used.

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Cited in

(23)

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• Unique continuation for weak solutions of the wave equation plus a potential
• Carleman estimates with sharp weights and boundary observability for wave operators with critically singular potentials
• On controllability of waves and geometric Carleman estimates
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• Controllability of parabolic equations with inverse square infinite potential wells via global Carleman estimates
• Global stabilization of the cubic defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the torus
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• Unique continuation from infinity for linear waves

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