Groups whose subgroups are either abelian or pronormal

DOI10.1215/21562261-10607307MaRDI QIDQ6116726zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mattia Brescia, Maria Ferrara, M. Trombetti

Publication date 18 July 2023

Published in Kyoto Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://projecteuclid.org/journals/kyoto-journal-of-mathematics/volume-63/issue-3/Groups-whose-subgroups-are-either-abelian-or-pronormal/10.1215/21562261-10607307.full

zbMATH Keywords

metahamiltonian groupminimal nonabelian groupprohamiltonian grouppronormal subgroup

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Finite solvable groups, theory of formations, Schunck classes, Fitting classes, (pi)-length, ranks (20D10) Chains and lattices of subgroups, subnormal subgroups (20E15) General structure theorems for groups (20E34) Solvable groups, supersolvable groups (20F16)

Review text

A question arising naturally when learning about the concept of a normal subgroup is what can be said about groups in which \emph{every} subgroup is normal. These are the celebrated Dedekind groups (the nonabelian of which are called Hamiltonian), which were classified by Dedekind and Baer in the finite and infinite cases, respectively. Since then, various generalizations have been considered, through assuming normality only for a smaller set of subgroups and/or replacing normality by weaker notions, such as pronormality or permutability/quasinormality. Here are some examples: \begin{itemize} \item Groups in which all subgroups are pronormal were studied by \textit{N. F. Kuzennyj} and \textit{I. Ya. Subbotin} [Ukr. Math. J. 39, No. 3, 251--254 (1987; Zbl 0642.20028); translation from Ukr. Mat. Zh. 39, No. 3, 325--329 (1987)]. \item Iwasawa described the structure of groups in which all subgroups are permutable. \item A group in which every nonabelian subgroup is normal is called \textit{metahamiltonian}. These groups were originally introduced by \textit{G. M. Romalis} and \textit{N. F. Sesekin} [Mat. Zap., Sverdl. 7, No. 3, 195--199 (1970; Zbl 0324.20036); ibid. 5, No. 3, 101--106 (1966; Zbl 0351.20020); ibid. 6, No. 3, 50--52 (1968; Zbl 0351.20021)]. Later, detailed results on the structure of metahamiltonian groups were obtained by \textit{A. A. Mahnev} [ibid. 10, No. 1, 60--75 (1976; Zbl 0414.20016)] as well as \textit{N. F. Kuzennyj} and \textit{N. N. Semko} in the impressive series of papers [Math. Notes 34, 572--577 (1984; Zbl 0545.20027); translation from Mat. Zametki 34, No. 2, 179--188 (1983); in: Structure of groups and their subgroup characterization, Collect. sci. Works, Kiev 1984, 101--111 (1984; Zbl 0579.20033); Sov. Math. 30, No. 11, 42--52 (1986; Zbl 0629.20012); translation from Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Mat. 1986, No. 11(294), 32--40 (1986); Ukr. Math. J. 39, No. 2, 149--153 (1987; Zbl 0647.20037); translation from Ukr. Mat. Zh. 39, No. 2, 180--185 (1987); Ukr. Math. J. 40, No. 6, 627--633 (1988; Zbl 0713.20030); translation from Ukr. Mat. Zh. 40, No. 6, 743--750 (1988); Ukr. Math. J. 42, No. 2, 149--154 (1990; Zbl 0713.20031); translation from Ukr. Mat. Zh. 42, No. 2, 168--175 (1990); Ukr. Math. J. 41, No. 2, 153--158 (1989; Zbl 0713.20032); translation from Ukr. Mat. Zh. 41, No. 2, 170--176 (1989)]. \item Further generalizing from metahamiltonian groups, \textit{M. Ferrara} and \textit{M. Trombetti} [J. Group Theory 23, No. 3, 513--529 (2020; Zbl 1471.20018)] studied (among others) groups in which every nonabelian subgroup is permutable. \end{itemize} As the title indicates, the paper under review is concerned with groups in which every nonabelian subgroup is pronormal. The authors call such groups \emph{prohamiltonian}. In an earlier paper of \textit{M. Brescia} and \textit{M. Trombetti} [Commun. Algebra 51, No. 8, 3346--3353 (2023; Zbl 1522.20115)], it was determined which locally finite simple groups are prohamiltonian. The paper under review focuses on solvable prohamiltonian groups. The authors obtain many strong structural results, including the following ``highlights: \begin{itemize} \item A solvable prohamiltonian group has derived length at most \(4\) (Lemma 2.1(a)). \item The solvable prohamiltonian groups of derived length exactly \(4\) can be classified (Theorem 4.5). \item Likewise, the authors give a precise description of the solvable prohamiltonian groups of derived length exactly \(3\) whose Hirsch-Plotkin radical is a \(p\)-group for some prime \(p\) (Theorem 3.8). \end{itemize}

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Cites work

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Cited in

(11)

• Groups with finitely many derived subgroups of non-normal subgroups.
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5697419 (Why is no real title available?)
• Abelian Groups that are unions of proper subgroups
• Groups with many pronormal subgroups
• The structure of metahamiltonian groups
• Locally finite simple groups whose non-Abelian subgroups are pronormal
• Examples of nonpronormal relatively maximal subgroups of finite simple groups
• Locally finite simple groups whose nonnilpotent subgroups are pronormal
• Nonpronormal subgroups of odd index in finite simple linear and unitary groups
• New examples of non-pronormal subgroups of odd index in finite simple linear and unitary groups
• Groups whose non-normal subgroups are either nilpotent or minimal non-nilpotent

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