Groups with finitely many Busemann points
The paper studies the horofunction boundary of Cayley graphs of finitely generated groups. For a finite symmetric generating set \(S\) of \(G\), the authors consider the compact space of \(1\)-Lipschitz functions \(h:G\to\mathbb{R}\) with \(h(1)=0\), identify \(G\) with the corresponding Busemann functions and define the horofunction boundary as the complement of this embedded copy. A central role is played by Busemann points, namely limits of geodesics.\N\NThe main result shows that an infinite finitely generated group \(G\) is virtually \(\mathbb{Z}\) if and only if for every Cayley graph of \(G\) the Busemann boundary is finite. The paper also proves that this is equivalent to the finiteness of the whole horofunction boundary and that in this case every horofunction is a Busemann point.\N\NThe argument uses the canonical action of \(G\) on the horoboundary, together with the fact that the restriction of a horofunction to its stabilizer is a homomorphism into \(\mathbb{Z}\). These ideas are combined with geometric properties of geodesics in Cayley graphs to deduce the virtual cyclicity of \(G\).
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