Heat kernel estimates and functional calculi of -b \Delta
Let \(n\geq 1\) and \(b\in L^{\infty}(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb C)\). Assume that there exists \(c>0\) such that, for almost \(x\in \mathbb R^n\), \(\text{Re }b(x)\geq c\) and consider the operator \(L=-b(x)\Delta\), where \(\Delta\) is the Laplace operator on \(\mathbb R^n\). The main result of the paper states that, for all \(1<p<+\infty\), \(L\) has \(H^{\infty}\) functional calculus in \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\). A byproduct of the proof is that the kernel of \(e^{-tL}b\) is \(C^{1,\eta}(\mathbb R^n\times \mathbb R^n)\) for all \(0<\eta<1\). Namely, the kernel of \(e^{-tL}\) satisfies Hölder estimates with polynomial decay, and this is also true for its derivative with respect to \(x\). As a consequence, the authors obtain the \(L^p\)-regularity of solutions of the parabolic equation \(\partial_tu+Lu=0\). Applications to Riesz transforms, to the square root problem for \(\Delta b\Delta\) and to maximal regularity problems are also given.
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