Hilbert points in Hardy spaces

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Abstract: A Hilbert point in Hp(mathbbTd), for dgeq1 and 1leqpleqinfty, is a nontrivial function varphi in Hp(mathbbTd) such that |varphi|Hp(mathbbTd)leq|varphi+f|Hp(mathbbTd) whenever f is in Hp(mathbbTd) and orthogonal to varphi in the usual L2 sense. When peq2, varphi is a Hilbert point in Hp(mathbbT) if and only if varphi is a nonzero multiple of an inner function. An inner function on mathbbTd is a Hilbert point in any of the spaces Hp(mathbbTd), but there are other Hilbert points as well when dgeq2. We investigate the case of 1-homogeneous polynomials in depth and obtain as a byproduct a new proof of the sharp Khintchin inequality for Steinhaus variables in the range 2<p<infty. We also study briefly the dynamics of a certain nonlinear projection operator that characterizes Hilbert points as its fixed points. We exhibit an example of a function varphi that is a Hilbert point in Hp(mathbbT3) for p=2,4, but not for any other p; this is verified rigorously for p>4 but only numerically for 1leqp<4.












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