Hilbert transforms along Lipschitz direction fields: a lacunary model
Let \(v: {\mathbb R}^2 \to {\mathbb R}^2\) be a nonvanishing measurable vector field. The truncated Hilbert transform along the vector field \(u\) is defined to be \N\[\N H_v f(x,y) = \text{p.v.}\int_{-1}^{1} \frac{f((x,y) - tv(x,y))}{t} \, dt. \N\]\N Stein conjectured that \(H_v\) is bounded on \(L^2\) whenever \(u\) is Lipschitz. Nagel, Stein and Wainger [\textit{A. Nagel} et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 1060--1062 (1978; Zbl 0391.42015)] proved that if \(v\) takes values in a lacunary set, then the maximal operator \N\[\N M_v f(x,y) = \sup_{\varepsilon <1} \frac{1}{2\varepsilon} \int_{-\varepsilon}^{\varepsilon} | f((x,y) - tv(x,y)) | \, dt \N\]\N is bounded on \(L^p\) where \(1 < p \leq \infty\). However, \textit{G. A. Karagulyan} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 135, No. 10, 3133--3141 (2007; Zbl 1162.42009)] proved that \(H_v\) is not bounded on \(L^2\) under the same assumption above.\N\NThe authors look at \(H_v\) for a combination of a Lipschitz assumption and a lacunary assumption. Let \([x]\) denote the largest integer less than \(x\). Their result is the following. Let \(u : {\mathbb R}^2 \to (0,1]\) be Lipschitz with \(\| u \|_{\mathrm{Lip}} \leq 1\) and let \(v : {\mathbb R}^2 \to (0,1]\) be defined by \N\[\N \log_2 v = [\log_2 u]. \N\]\N Then \(H_v\) is bounded on \(L^p\) where \(1<p<\infty\).
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