Homogeneous Ricci solitons

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Abstract: In this work, we study metrics which are both homogeneous and Ricci soliton. If there exists a transitive solvable group of isometries on a Ricci soliton, we show that it is isometric to a solvsoliton. Moreover, unless the manifold is flat, it is necessarily simply-connected and diffeomorphic to mathbbRn. In the general case, we prove that homogeneous Ricci solitons must be semi-algebraic Ricci solitons in the sense that they evolve under the Ricci flow by dilation and pullback by automorphisms of the isometry group. In the special case that there exists a transitive semi-simple group of isometries on a Ricci soliton, we show that such a space is in fact Einstein. In the compact case, we produce new proof that Ricci solitons are necessarily Einstein. Lastly, we characterize solvable Lie groups which admit Ricci soliton metrics.


A shrinking or steady homogeneous Ricci soliton is a compact Einstein manifold or the product of a compact Einstein manifold and a Euclidean space. In the present paper, expanding homogeneous Ricci solitons are studied. The known examples of these are all isometric to algebraic Ricci soliton metrics on solvable Lie groups, called solvsolitons. Algebraic solitons on Lie groups are characterized by the existence of a derivation \(D\in{\mathrm{Der}}({\mathfrak{g}})\) such that \[ {\mathrm{Ric}} = c\,{\mathrm{Id}} + D, \] where \({\mathrm{Ric}}\) is the tensor of the type \((1,1)\). In the paper, it is shown that any solvmanifold which is a Ricci soliton is isometric to a solvsoliton. Moreover, unless \(M\) is flat, it is simply connected and diffeomorphic to \({\mathbb{R}}^n\). This result generalizes special cases known from the literature. In particular, as a new result, it follows that an Einstein solvmanifold is simply connected. New structure results on homogeneous Ricci solitons are obtained, with the implication that homogeneous Ricci solitons admitting transitive semi-simple isometry groups are Einstein and a new proof that compact homogeneous Ricci solitons are Einstein. Further, a characterization of solvable Lie groups which admit soliton metrics is given.




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