Homotopical commutative rings and bispans
Given a category \(\mathcal{C}\)\ with finite products, there is a category \(\mathsf{CMon}\left( \mathcal{C}\right) \)\ of commutative monoids in \(\mathcal{C}\), the theory of which can be described by a \textit{Lawvere theory}. The Lawvere theory for commutative monoids admits an explicit description as the category \(\mathsf{hSpan}\left( \mathbb{F}\right) \)\ of spans of finite sets in the sense that there is a natural equivalence\N\[\N\mathsf{CMon}\left( \mathcal{C}\right) \simeq\mathsf{Fun}^{\times}\left( \mathsf{hSpan}\left( \mathbb{F}\right) ,\mathcal{C}\right)\N\]\Nwhere the right-hand side denotes the category of product-preserving functors from \(\mathsf{hSpan}\left( \mathbb{F}\right) \)\ to \(\mathcal{C}\). Similarly, the Lawvere theory for commutative semirings is given by the category \(\mathsf{hBispan}\left( \mathbb{F}\right) \)\ of bispans of finite sets in the sense that there is a natural equivalence\N\[\N\mathsf{CRig}\left( \mathcal{C}\right) \simeq\mathsf{Fun}^{\times}\left( \mathsf{hBispan}\left( \mathbb{F}\right) ,\mathcal{C}\right)\N\]\Nbetween the category of commutative semirings in \(\mathcal{C}\)\ and product-preserving functors from \(\mathsf{hBispan}\left( \mathbb{F}\right) \)\ to \(\mathcal{C}\).\N\NThis paper aims to show that the description of the 1-categorical Lawvere theory of commutative semirings in terms of bispans generalizes to the \(\infty\)-categorical setting, establishing the following theorem.\N\NTheorem. Let \(\mathcal{C}\)\ be a cartesian closed presentable \(\infty\)-category. Then there is a natural equivalence\N\[\N\mathsf{CRig}\left( \mathcal{C}\right) \simeq\mathsf{Fun}^{\times}\left( \mathsf{hBispan}\left( \mathbb{F}\right) ,\mathcal{C}\right)\N\]\Nbetween the \(\infty\)-category of commutative semirings in \(\mathcal{C}\)\ and the \(\infty\)-category of product-preserving functors \(\mathsf{hBispan}\left( \mathbb{F}\right) \longrightarrow\mathcal{C}\).\N\NTo establish the above theorem, the authors are forced to prove the following theorem.\N\NTheorem. Let \(f:\mathcal{C}\rightarrow\mathcal{C}^{\prime}\)\ be a functor and assume that \(\mathcal{C}\)\ and \(\mathcal{C}^{\prime}\)\ are rigged with factorization systems \(\left( E,M\right) \)\ and \(\left( E^{\prime},M^{\prime}\right) \), respectively, such that\N\N\begin{enumerate}\N\item[(1)] \(f\) restricts to a localization \(E\rightarrow E^{\prime}\)\ at some class \(W\subset E\), and\N\N\item[(2)] \(f\) restricts to a right factorization \(M\rightarrow M^{\prime}\).\N\end{enumerate}\N\NThen \(f:\mathcal{C}\rightarrow\mathcal{C}^{\prime}\)\ is also a localization at \(W\).
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