Hopf algebra deformations of binary polyhedral groups.

DOI10.1007/S00031-011-9133-XMaRDI QIDQ649072zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Julien Bichon, Sonia Natale

Publication date 30 November 2011

Published in Transformation Groups (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0907.1879

zbMATH Keywords

binary polyhedral groups cosemisimple Hopf algebras semisimple Hopf algebras

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hopf algebras and their applications (16T05)

Abstract: We show that semisimple Hopf algebras having a self-dual faithful irreducible comodule of dimension 2 are always obtained as abelian extensions with quotient Z_2. We prove that nontrivial Hopf algebras arising in this way can be regarded as deformations of binary polyhedral groups and describe its category of representations. We also prove a strengthening of a result of Nichols and Richmond on cosemisimple Hopf algebras with a 2-dimensional irreducible comodule in the finite dimensional context. Finally, we give some applications to the classification of certain classes of semisimple Hopf algebras.

Review text

Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. A polyhedral group \(G\) is a finite subgroup of \(\text{PSL}_2(k)\) which is isomorphic to one of the following: (1) A finite cyclic group; (2) the dihedral group \(D_n\) of order \(2n\), \(n\) at least 2; (3) the group of symmetries of the regular tetrahedon, of order 12; (4) the group of symmetries of the regular octahedron, of order 24; or (5) the group of symmetries of the regular icosahedron, of order 60. For such a \(G\), there is a subgroup \(G'\) of \(\text{SL}_2(k)\) such that \(G'/\{1,-1\}=G\). \(G'\) is called a binary polyhedral group. Here are the two main theorems of the paper. Theorem 1.1: Let \(H\) be a cosemisimple finite-dimensional Hopf algebra over \(k\) which contains a simple subcoalgebra \(C\) of dimension 4. Then the subalgebra \(B=k[CS(C)]\) (\(S\) is the antipode of \(H\)) is a commutative Hopf subalgebra of \(H\) isomorphic to \(k^G\), where \(G\) is a noncyclic finite subgroup of \(\text{PSL}_2(k)\) of even order. Furthermore, let \(\chi\) be the irreducible character contained in \(C\), and let \(K[\chi]\) be the stabilizer of \(\chi\) in \(H\) with respect to left multiplication in \(H\). Then \(|K[\chi]|\) divides 4, and (1) If \(|K[\chi]|=4\), then \(B\) is isomorphic to \(k^{\mathbb Z_2\times\mathbb Z_2}\); (2) If \(|K[\chi]|=2\), then \(B\) is isomorphic to \(k^{D_n}\), \(n\) at least 3; (3) If \(|K[X\chi]|=1\), then \(B\) is isomorphic to either \(k^{A_4}\), \(k^{S_4}\) or \(k^{A_5}\). -- Theorem 1.1 strengthens the description of \(H\) by \textit{W. D. Nichols} and \textit{M. B. Richmond} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 106, No. 3, 297-306 (1996; Zbl 0848.16034)]. Theorem 1.2: Let \(H\) be a semisimple Hopf algebra over \(k\). Assume that \(H\) has an irreducible comodule \(V\) of dimension 2 (this is equivalent to \(H\) having a simple subcoalgebra of dimension 4) such that \(V\) is faithful and self-dual. Let \(i(V)=1\) or \(-1\) denote the Frobenius-Schur indicator of \(V\). Then (1) If \(i(V)=-1\), then \(H\) is commutative and is isomorphic to \(k^{G'}\), where \(G'\) is a nonabelian binary polyhedral group. (2) If \(i(V)=1\), then either \(H\) is commutative and isomorphic to \(k^{D_n}\), \(n\) at least 3, or \(H\) is isomorphic to a deformation of a binary polyhedral group which is either generalized quaternion or cyclic. -- In this discussion, \(H\) is a finite-dimensional quotient Hopf algebra of the quantum group \(SL_q(2)\) with \(q=-1\). The proof of Theorem 1.2 uses the classification of Hopf algebras associated to nondegenerate bilinear forms in the 2 by 2 case. Theorem 1.2 leads to an equivalence of the fusion categories \(\text{Rep\,}H\) and \((\text{Vec}^G)^{\mathbb Z_2}\), where \(\text{Vec}^G\) is the fusion category of \(G\)-graded vector spaces, and the \(\mathbb Z_2\) indicates the equivariantization of \(\text{Vec}^G\) with respect to an appropriate action of \(\mathbb Z_2\). [Note: For a group \(G\), \(k^G\) refers to the dual of the group algebra \(k[G]\).]

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